Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Dead Souls
Dead Souls

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Dead Souls is here in full — 758 sentences across 152 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Dead Souls
Context Illustration Reading 1/151 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On reaching the tavern, Chichikov called a halt.
His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.
In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.
Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.
Yes, THEY are not the persons to inspire envy.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Dead Souls

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Dead Souls is here in full — 758 sentences across 152 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/151 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On reaching the tavern, Chichikov called a halt.
Line 2
His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.
Line 3
In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.
/ɪn ðɪs kəˈnekʃən ðə ˈɔːθər fiːlz baʊnd tuː kənˈfes ðæt ðə ˈæpətaɪt ənd ðə kəˈpæsəti ʌv sʌtʃ men ɑːr ˈɡreɪtli tuː biː ˈenvid/
Line 4
Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.
Line 5
Yes, THEY are not the persons to inspire envy.
/jes ðeɪ ɑːr nɑːt ðə ˈpɜːrsənz tuː ˌɪnˈspaɪr ˈenvi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Caucasus noun US /ˈkɔːkəsəs/

the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia

From this reading “Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.”

composing noun US /kəmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading “Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.”

crabs noun US /kræbz/

infestation of the pubic hair by crab lice

From this reading “Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.”

injecting verb US /ˌɪnˈdʒektɪŋ/

-ing form of “inject” — give an injection to

From this reading “Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.”

oysters noun US /ˈɔɪstərz/

plural of “oyster” — marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters

From this reading “Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.”

pill noun US /pɪl/

something that resembles a tablet of medicine in shape or size

From this reading “Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.”

swallowing verb US /ˈswɑːloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “swallow” — pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking

From this reading “Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.”

twofold adjective US /ˈtuːˈfoʊld/

having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities

From this reading “His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On reaching the tavern, Chichikov called a halt.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

appetitenounUS /ˈæpətaɪt/

a feeling of craving something

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading On reaching the tavern, Chichikov called a halt.

capacitynounUS /kəˈpæsəti/

capability to perform or produce

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

CaucasusnounUS /ˈkɔːkəsəs/

the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

Chichikov

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On reaching the tavern, Chichikov called a halt.

composingnounUS /kəmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

confessverbUS /kənˈfes/

confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

crabsnounUS /kræbz/

infestation of the pubic hair by crab lice

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

departingverbUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “depart” — move away from a place into another direction

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

enviedverbUS /ˈenvid/

inflected form of “envy” — feel envious towards; admire enviously

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

envynounUS /ˈenvi/

a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another

From this reading Yes, THEY are not the persons to inspire envy.

eternallyadverbUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəli/

for a limitless time

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

feelsnounUS /fiːlz/

plural of “feel” — an intuitive awareness

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

haltverbUS /hɔːlt/

cause to stop

From this reading On reaching the tavern, Chichikov called a halt.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

injectingverbUS /ˌɪnˈdʒektɪŋ/

-ing form of “inject” — give an injection to

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

inspireverbUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪr/

heighten or intensify

From this reading Yes, THEY are not the persons to inspire envy.

Karlsbad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

mealnounUS /miːl/

the food served and eaten at one time

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

monstersnounUS /ˈmɑːnstərz/

plural of “monster” — an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

morrownounUS /ˈmɑːroʊ/

the next day

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

MoscownounUS /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Yes, THEY are not the persons to inspire envy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On reaching the tavern, Chichikov called a halt.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

oystersnounUS /ˈɔɪstərz/

plural of “oyster” — marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Yes, THEY are not the persons to inspire envy.

PetersburgnounUS /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

pillnounUS /pɪl/

something that resembles a tablet of medicine in shape or size

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading On reaching the tavern, Chichikov called a halt.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

refreshmentnounUS /rəˈfreʃmənt/

snacks and drinks served as a light meal

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

spendverbUS /spend/

use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In this connection the author feels bound to confess that the appetite and the capacity of such men are greatly to be envied.

swallowingverbUS /ˈswɑːloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “swallow” — pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

tavernnounUS /ˈtævərn/

a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks

From this reading On reaching the tavern, Chichikov called a halt.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On reaching the tavern, Chichikov called a halt.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

twofoldadjectiveUS /ˈtuːˈfoʊld/

having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

well-to-doadjective

in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His reasons for this were twofold--namely, that he wanted to rest the horses, and that he himself desired some refreshment.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Of those well-to-do folk of St. Petersburg and Moscow who spend their time in considering what they shall eat on the morrow, and in composing a dinner for the day following, and who never sit down to a meal without first of all injecting a pill and then swallowing oysters and crabs and a quantity of other monsters, while eternally departing for Karlsbad or the Caucasus, the author has but a small opinion.

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading Yes, THEY are not the persons to inspire envy.

Chapter 4 of Dead Souls by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol holds 758 sentences, grouped into 152 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Dead Souls contain?

Chapter 4 holds 758 sentences of Dead Souls, unabridged, divided into 152 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Dead Souls by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 758 sentences, grouped into 152 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Dead Souls?

Work through the 152 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 152 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Dead Souls

Common questions about reading Dead Souls by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Dead Souls?

Yes. All 6596 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1081 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Dead Souls is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1081, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Dead Souls take to read?

About 549 minutes of reading across 1320 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Dead Souls section by section

How to work through Dead Souls section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Dead Souls to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Dead Souls

Words and structures a reader meets early in Dead Souls, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Provincial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dead Souls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smart
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dead Souls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Britchka--a
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dead Souls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Light
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dead Souls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.