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Dead Souls
Dead Souls

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Dead Souls is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?
The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.
So again we find ourselves in a retired spot.
But what a spot!
Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Dead Souls

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Dead Souls is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?
/waɪ duː aɪ soʊ pərˈsɪstəntli peɪnt ðə ˈpɑːvərti ðə ˌɪmpərˈfekʃənz ʌv ˈrʌʃən laɪf ənd delv ˈɪntuː ðə rɪˈmoʊtəst depθs ðə moʊst rɪˈtaɪrd hoʊlz ənd ˈkɔːrnərz ʌv ˈaʊər ˈempaɪər fɔːr maɪ ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/
Line 2
The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.
Line 3
So again we find ourselves in a retired spot.
/soʊ əˈɡen wiː faɪnd aʊərˈselvz ɪn ə rɪˈtaɪrd spɑːt/
Line 4
But what a spot!
/bʌt wʌt ə spɑːt/
Line 5
Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

author's noun US /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

bastions noun US /ˈbæstʃənz/

plural of “bastion” — a group that defends a principle

From this reading “Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.”

delve verb US /delv/

turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading “Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?”

grandly adverb US /ˈɡrændli/

in a grand manner

From this reading “Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.”

idiosyncrasy noun US /ˌɪdioʊˈsɪnkrəsiː/

a behavioral attribute that is distinctive and peculiar to an individual

From this reading “The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.”

imperfections noun US /ˌɪmpərˈfekʃənz/

plural of “imperfection” — the state or an instance of being imperfect

From this reading “Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?”

limestone noun US /ˈlaɪmstoʊn/

a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals

From this reading “Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.”

precipitous adjective US /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

done with very great haste and without due deliberation

From this reading “Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading So again we find ourselves in a retired spot.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading So again we find ourselves in a retired spot.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

author'snounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

bastionsnounUS /ˈbæstʃənz/

plural of “bastion” — a group that defends a principle

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

boundlessadjectiveUS /ˈbaʊndləs/

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But what a spot!

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

cornersnounUS /ˈkɔːrnərz/

plural of “corner” — a place off to the side of an area

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

delveverbUS /delv/

turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

depthsnounUS /depθs/

(plural) the deepest and most remote part

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

embrasures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

expansenounUS /ɪkˈspæns/

a wide scope

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading So again we find ourselves in a retired spot.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

giganticadjectiveUS /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

grandlyadverbUS /ˈɡrændli/

in a grand manner

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

happensverbUS /ˈhæpənz/

third-person singular of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

holesnounUS /hoʊlz/

plural of “hole” — an opening into or through something

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

idiosyncrasynounUS /ˌɪdioʊˈsɪnkrəsiː/

a behavioral attribute that is distinctive and peculiar to an individual

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

ImagineverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒən/

form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

imperfectionsnounUS /ˌɪmpərˈfekʃənz/

plural of “imperfection” — the state or an instance of being imperfect

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading So again we find ourselves in a retired spot.

inclinenounUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪn/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

limestonenounUS /ˈlaɪmstoʊn/

a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading So again we find ourselves in a retired spot.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

overhangingverbUS /ˈoʊvərhæŋɪŋ/

-ing form of “overhang” — project over

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

paintverbUS /peɪnt/

make a painting

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

persistentlyadverbUS /pərˈsɪstəntli/

in a persistent manner

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

precipitousadjectiveUS /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

done with very great haste and without due deliberation

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

remotestadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊtəst/

superlative of “remote” — located far away spatially

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

soarverbUS /sɔːr/

rise rapidly

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading So again we find ourselves in a retired spot.

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

toweringadjectiveUS /ˈtaʊərɪŋ/

of imposing height; especially standing out above others

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

versts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading So again we find ourselves in a retired spot.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But what a spot!

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The answer is that there is nothing else to be done when an author’s idiosyncrasy happens to incline him that way.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why do I so persistently paint the poverty, the imperfections of Russian life, and delve into the remotest depths, the most retired holes and corners, of our Empire for my subjects?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Imagine, if you can, a mountain range like a gigantic fortress, with embrasures and bastions which appear to soar a thousand versts towards the heights of heaven, and, towering grandly over a boundless expanse of plain, are broken up into precipitous, overhanging limestone cliffs.

Chapter 12 of Dead Souls by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol holds 402 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Dead Souls contain?

Chapter 12 holds 402 sentences of Dead Souls, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Dead Souls by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 402 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Dead Souls?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Dead Souls

Common questions about reading Dead Souls by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Dead Souls?

Yes. All 6596 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1081 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Dead Souls is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1081, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Dead Souls take to read?

About 549 minutes of reading across 1320 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Dead Souls section by section

How to work through Dead Souls section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Dead Souls to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Dead Souls

Words and structures a reader meets early in Dead Souls, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Provincial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dead Souls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smart
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dead Souls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Britchka--a
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dead Souls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Light
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dead Souls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.