Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Debating for boys
Debating for boys

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Debating for boys is here in full — 86 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Debating for boys
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”
This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.
Be sure you have both sides.
It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.
It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Debating for boys

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Debating for boys is here in full — 86 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”
Line 2
This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.
/ðɪs freɪz miːnz ə ˈkerfəl ˈbælənsɪŋ ˈoʊvər əˈɡenst iːtʃ ˈʌðər ʌv ðə ˈliːdɪŋ ˈɑːrɡjəmənts ɑːn boʊθ saɪdz ʌv ðə ˈkwestʃən/
Line 3
Be sure you have both sides.
/biː ʃʊr juː hæv boʊθ saɪdz/
Line 4
It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.
/ɪt ɪz ˈiːvɪn mɔːr ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt tuː noʊ ðə strɔːŋ saɪdz ʌv jɔːr əˈpoʊnənts keɪs ənd tuː biː priˈperd tuː miːt ðem ðæn tuː noʊ jɔːr oʊn/
Line 5
It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈfriːkwəntli rɪˈmɑːrkt ʌv ˈlɪŋkən ɪn dəˈbeɪt ðæt hiː sʌmd ʌp hɪz əˈpoʊnənts keɪs ˈbetər ðæn ðə əˈpoʊnənt hɪmˈself dɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

balancing noun US /ˈbælənsɪŋ/

getting two things to correspond

From this reading “This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.”

clash noun US /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading “CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.””

debate verb US /dəˈbeɪt/

argue with one another

From this reading “It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.”

defined adjective US /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading “CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.””

opponent noun US /əˈpoʊnənt/

a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading “It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.”

opponent's noun US /əˈpoʊnənts/

possessive form of “opponent” — a contestant that you are matched against

summed verb US /sʌmd/

inflected form of “sum” — be a summary of

From this reading “It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.”

technically adverb US /ˈteknɪkəli/

with regard to technique

From this reading “CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

starting point adjective + noun

earliest limiting point

In this reading “CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.””

next step adjective + noun

In this reading “CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.””

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

ARGUMENTSnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənts/

plural of “argument” — a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

balancingnounUS /ˈbælənsɪŋ/

getting two things to correspond

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

Beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Be sure you have both sides.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

CLASHnounUS /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

debateverbUS /dəˈbeɪt/

argue with one another

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

definedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

LincolnnounUS /ˈlɪŋkən/

16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

opponentnounUS /əˈpoʊnənt/

a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

opponent'snounUS /əˈpoʊnənts/

possessive form of “opponent” — a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

phrasenounUS /freɪz/

an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

remarkedverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

startingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtɪŋ/

(especially of eyes) bulging or protruding as with fear

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

summedverbUS /sʌmd/

inflected form of “sum” — be a summary of

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Be sure you have both sides.

technicallyadverbUS /ˈteknɪkəli/

with regard to technique

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

termedverbUS /tɜːrmd/

past form of “term” — name formally or designate with a term

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This phrase means a careful balancing over against each other of the leading arguments on both sides of the question.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is even more important to know the strong sides of your opponent’s case and to be prepared to meet them than to know your own.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was frequently remarked of Lincoln in debate that he summed up his opponent’s case better than the opponent himself did.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading CLASH OF ARGUMENTS After you have determined your starting point and defined your terms, the next step—and an important one—is technically termed “the clash of arguments.”

Chapter 6 of Debating for boys by William Horton Foster holds 86 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Debating for boys contain?

Chapter 6 holds 86 sentences of Debating for boys, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Debating for boys by William Horton Foster exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 86 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Debating for boys?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Debating for boys

Common questions about reading Debating for boys by William Horton Foster on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Debating for boys?

Yes. All 1995 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70568 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Debating for boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70568, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Debating for boys take to read?

About 166 minutes of reading across 399 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Debating for boys section by section

How to work through Debating for boys section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Debating for boys to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Debating for boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Debating for boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Electrotyped
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
August
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Judge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.