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Debating for boys
Debating for boys

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Debating for boys is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
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REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.
Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.
State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.
If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.
Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.
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Debating for boys

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Debating for boys is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.
/ˌrefjuːˈteɪʃən nɑːt ˈoʊnli wɪl jɔːr ˈkerfəl əˈnæləsəs ʌv ðə ˈkwestʃən ˈfɔːrmjəleɪt jɔːr oʊn ˈɑːrɡjəmənt bʌt ɪt wɪl priˈper juː tuː rɪˈfjuːt ðæt ʌv jɔːr əˈpoʊnənt/
Line 2
Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.
/pʊt dʒʌst æz mʌtʃ ker ˈɪntuː ðɪs pɑːrt ʌv jɔːr ˌprepərˈeɪʃən æz ˈɪntuː ˈeni ˈʌðər/
Line 3
State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.
/steɪt tuː jərˈself hɪz ˈprɑːbəbəl pɔɪnts dʒʌst æz ˈstrɔːŋli ənd ˈklɪrli æz juː kæn/
Line 4
If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.
/ɪf juː kæn pʊt hɪz keɪs ˈbetər ðæn hiː wen juː kʌm tuː jɔːr ˌrefjuːˈteɪʃən soʊ mʌtʃ ðə ˈbetər prəˈvaɪdɪd juː ɑːr ɪˈkwɪpt tuː ˈænsər ˈædəkwətli/
Line 5
Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adequately adverb US /ˈædəkwətli/

in an adequate manner or to an adequate degree

From this reading “If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.”

analysis noun US /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading “REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.”

equipped adjective US /ɪˈkwɪpt/

provided or fitted out with what is necessary or useful or appropriate

From this reading “If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.”

essential adjective US /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading “Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.”

formulate verb US /ˈfɔːrmjəleɪt/

elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses

From this reading “REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.”

opponent noun US /əˈpoʊnənt/

a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading “REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.”

refutation noun US /ˌrefjuːˈteɪʃən/

the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions

From this reading “REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.”

refute verb US /rɪˈfjuːt/

overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof

From this reading “REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.”

make up verb + adjective

form or compose

In this reading “Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.”

time enough noun + noun

In this reading “Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adequatelyadverbUS /ˈædəkwətli/

in an adequate manner or to an adequate degree

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

analysisnounUS /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

equippedadjectiveUS /ɪˈkwɪpt/

provided or fitted out with what is necessary or useful or appropriate

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

essentialadjectiveUS /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

formulateverbUS /ˈfɔːrmjəleɪt/

elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

opponentnounUS /əˈpoʊnənt/

a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.

preparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

prepareverbUS /priˈper/

make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

probableadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːbəbəl/

likely but not certain to be or become true or real

From this reading State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

PutverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

REFUTATIONnounUS /ˌrefjuːˈteɪʃən/

the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

refuteverbUS /rɪˈfjuːt/

overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

spendverbUS /spend/

use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

stronglyadverbUS /ˈstrɔːŋli/

with strength or in a strong manner

From this reading State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Put just as much care into this part of your preparation as into any other.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading If you can put his case better than he, when you come to your refutation, so much the better, provided you are equipped to answer adequately.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Of course you can’t spend time enough to answer every point he has made—make up your mind which are the essential ones and strike at them.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading REFUTATION Not only will your careful analysis of the question formulate your own argument, but it will prepare you to refute that of your opponent.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading State to yourself his probable points just as strongly and clearly as you can.

Chapter 9 of Debating for boys by William Horton Foster holds 77 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Debating for boys contain?

Chapter 9 holds 77 sentences of Debating for boys, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Debating for boys by William Horton Foster exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 77 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Debating for boys?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Debating for boys

Common questions about reading Debating for boys by William Horton Foster on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Debating for boys?

Yes. All 1995 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70568 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Debating for boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70568, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Debating for boys take to read?

About 166 minutes of reading across 399 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Debating for boys section by section

How to work through Debating for boys section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Debating for boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Debating for boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Electrotyped
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
August
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Judge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.