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Debating for boys
Debating for boys

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Debating for boys is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.
When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.
But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.
Do not let your spoken argument be simply unrelated chunks of thought.
Keep your transitions in thought clear.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Debating for boys

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Debating for boys is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.
/dɪˈlɪvəri let jɔːr spiːtʃ hæv fɔːrm ənd ˈbɑːdi/
Line 2
When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.
/wen juː hæv priˈperd jɔːr briːf juː hæv ˌɪnˈdiːd ɑːrˈtɪkjəleɪtɪd ə ˈskelətən wɪtʃ meɪ biː ˈbjuːtəfəl ɪn ɪts ˈlɑːdʒɪkəl ˈsɪmətri ˌɔːlˈðoʊ nɑːt æz jet kloʊðd ɪn fleʃ ənd blʌd/
Line 3
But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.
/bʌt duː nɑːt dɪˈstrɔɪ ðæt ˈbjuːti baɪ ˈluːzɪŋ wen juː bɪˈɡɪn tuː spiːk ɔːl jɔːr sens ʌv fɔːrm ənd ərˈeɪndʒmənt/
Line 4
Do not let your spoken argument be simply unrelated chunks of thought.
/duː nɑːt let jɔːr ˈspoʊkən ˈɑːrɡjəmənt biː ˈsɪmpli ˌʌnrɪˈleɪtɪd tʃʌŋks ʌv θɔːt/
Line 5
Keep your transitions in thought clear.
/kiːp jɔːr trænˈzɪʃənz ɪn θɔːt klɪr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

articulated adjective US /ɑːrˈtɪkjəleɪtɪd/

consisting of segments held together by joints

From this reading “When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.”

chunks noun US /tʃʌŋks/

plural of “chunk” — a compact mass

From this reading “Do not let your spoken argument be simply unrelated chunks of thought.”

delivery noun US /dɪˈlɪvəri/

the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)

From this reading “DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.”

logical adjective US /ˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning

From this reading “When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.”

skeleton noun US /ˈskelətən/

something reduced to its minimal form

From this reading “When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.”

symmetry noun US /ˈsɪmətri/

(mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane

From this reading “When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.”

transitions noun US /trænˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “transition” — the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading “Keep your transitions in thought clear.”

unrelated adjective US /ˌʌnrɪˈleɪtɪd/

lacking a logical or causal relation

From this reading “Do not let your spoken argument be simply unrelated chunks of thought.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading Do not let your spoken argument be simply unrelated chunks of thought.

arrangementnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

articulatedadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈtɪkjəleɪtɪd/

consisting of segments held together by joints

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

chunksnounUS /tʃʌŋks/

plural of “chunk” — a compact mass

From this reading Do not let your spoken argument be simply unrelated chunks of thought.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Keep your transitions in thought clear.

clothedadjectiveUS /kloʊðd/

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

DELIVERYnounUS /dɪˈlɪvəri/

the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)

From this reading DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.

destroyverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

KeepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Keep your transitions in thought clear.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.

logicaladjectiveUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

losingverbUS /ˈluːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading Do not let your spoken argument be simply unrelated chunks of thought.

skeletonnounUS /ˈskelətən/

something reduced to its minimal form

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Do not let your spoken argument be simply unrelated chunks of thought.

symmetrynounUS /ˈsɪmətri/

(mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Do not let your spoken argument be simply unrelated chunks of thought.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But do not destroy that beauty by losing, when you begin to speak, all your sense of form and arrangement.

transitionsnounUS /trænˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “transition” — the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading Keep your transitions in thought clear.

unrelatedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnrɪˈleɪtɪd/

lacking a logical or causal relation

From this reading Do not let your spoken argument be simply unrelated chunks of thought.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading When you have prepared your brief, you have indeed articulated a skeleton which may be beautiful in its logical symmetry although not as yet clothed in flesh and blood.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading DELIVERY Let your speech have form and body.

Chapter 10 of Debating for boys by William Horton Foster holds 50 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Debating for boys contain?

Chapter 10 holds 50 sentences of Debating for boys, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Debating for boys by William Horton Foster exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 50 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Debating for boys?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Debating for boys

Common questions about reading Debating for boys by William Horton Foster on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Debating for boys?

Yes. All 1995 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70568 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Debating for boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70568, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Debating for boys take to read?

About 166 minutes of reading across 399 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Debating for boys section by section

How to work through Debating for boys section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Debating for boys to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Debating for boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Debating for boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Electrotyped
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
August
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Judge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debating for boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.