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Debit and Credit Translated from the German
Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Debit and Credit Translated from the German
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.
In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.
He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.
For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.
It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.
Line 2
In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.
Line 3
He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.
/hiː ˈmerid leɪt ɪn laɪf ənd hɪz waɪf ənd hiː lɪvd ɪn ə smɔːl haʊs ðə ˈɡɑːrdən ʌv wɪtʃ hiː hɪmˈself kept ɪn ˈɔːrdər/
Line 4
For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.
Line 5
It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

childless adjective US /ˈtʃaɪldləs/

without offspring

From this reading “For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.”

enthusiastically adverb US /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪkli/

with enthusiasm; in an enthusiastic manner

From this reading “In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.”

exceptions noun US /ɪkˈsepʃənz/

plural of “exception” — a deliberate act of omission

From this reading “In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.”

gingerbread noun US /ˈdʒɪndʒərbred/

cake flavored with ginger

From this reading “Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.”

gymnasium noun US /dʒɪmˈneɪziəm/

a school for students intermediate between elementary school and college; usually grades 9 to 12

From this reading “Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.”

Oder noun US /ˈoʊdər/

a European river; flows into the Baltic Sea

From this reading “Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.”

patriarchal adjective US /ˌpeɪtriˈɑːrkəl/

characteristic of a form of social organization in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line

From this reading “In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.”

Poland noun US /ˈpoʊlənd/

a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II

From this reading “Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

accountant-royal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

approbationnounUS /ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən/

official approval

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

bed-curtains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

celebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

childlessadjectiveUS /ˈtʃaɪldləs/

without offspring

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

disappearedverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd/

past form of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

enthusiasticallyadverbUS /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪkli/

with enthusiasm; in an enthusiastic manner

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

exceptionsnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃənz/

plural of “exception” — a deliberate act of omission

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

fellow-men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

fringenounUS /frɪndʒ/

the outside boundary or surface of something

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

gingerbreadnounUS /ˈdʒɪndʒərbred/

cake flavored with ginger

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

gymnasiumnounUS /dʒɪmˈneɪziəm/

a school for students intermediate between elementary school and college; usually grades 9 to 12

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

heartyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrti/

showing warm and heartfelt friendliness

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

lovernounUS /ˈlʌvər/

a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

loyaladjectiveUS /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

OdernounUS /ˈoʊdər/

a European river; flows into the Baltic Sea

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

Ostrau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

patriarchaladjectiveUS /ˌpeɪtriˈɑːrkəl/

characteristic of a form of social organization in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

PolandnounUS /ˈpoʊlənd/

a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

smartened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

tassels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Ostrau is a small town near the Oder, celebrated even as far as Poland for its gymnasium and its gingerbread.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was under the shade of those white bed-curtains that the hero of our tale was born.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading He married late in life, and his wife and he lived in a small house, the garden of which he himself kept in order.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

Wohlfart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading For a long time the happy pair were childless; but at length came a day when the good woman, having smartened up her white bed-curtains with a broad fringe and heavy tassels, disappeared behind them amid the approbation of all her female friends.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In this patriarchal spot had dwelt for many years the accountant-royal, Wohlfart, an enthusiastically loyal subject, and a hearty lover of his fellow-men--with one or two exceptions.

Chapter 1 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag holds 45 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German contain?

Chapter 1 holds 45 sentences of Debit and Credit Translated from the German, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 45 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Common questions about reading Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Debit and Credit Translated from the German?

Yes. All 12154 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19754 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19754, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Debit and Credit Translated from the German take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2431 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Debit and Credit Translated from the German section by section

How to work through Debit and Credit Translated from the German section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Words and structures a reader meets early in Debit and Credit Translated from the German, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ostrau
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Celebrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.