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Debit and Credit Translated from the German
Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is here in full — 124 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Debit and Credit Translated from the German
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.
First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.
He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.
At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.
Here they stopped before a lofty house.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is here in full — 124 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.
/ðə sʌn wɑːz ɔːlˈredi loʊ wen ðə ˈtrævələrz riːtʃt ðə ˈsʌbərbz ʌv ðə ˈkæpətəl/
Line 2
First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.
/fɜːrst keɪm ˈkɑːtɪdʒɪz ðen ˈvɪləz ðen ðə ˈhaʊsəz ˈkraʊdəd ˈkloʊsər ənd ðə dʌst ənd nɔɪz meɪd ˈaʊər ˈhɪroʊz hɑːrt sɪŋk wɪˈðɪn hɪm/
Line 3
He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.
Line 4
At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.
Line 5
Here they stopped before a lofty house.
/hiːr ðeɪ stɑːpt bɪˈfɔːr ə ˈlɔːfti haʊs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cottages noun US /ˈkɑːtɪdʒɪz/

plural of “cottage” — a small house with a single story

From this reading “First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.”

hero's noun US /ˈhɪroʊz/

possessive form of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading “First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.”

pillared adjective US /ˈpɪlərd/

having pillars

From this reading “At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.”

preference noun US /ˈprefərəns/

a strong liking

From this reading “He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.”

proclaimed adjective US /proʊˈkleɪmd/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading “At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.”

suburbs noun US /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading “The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.”

travelers noun US /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveler” — a person who changes location

From this reading “The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.”

villas noun US /ˈvɪləz/

plural of “villa” — Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading “First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Here they stopped before a lofty house.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

by-streets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

closeradverbUS /ˈkloʊsər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

cottagesnounUS /ˈkɑːtɪdʒɪz/

plural of “cottage” — a small house with a single story

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

crowdedadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊdəd/

overfilled or compacted or concentrated

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

flag-stones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

gayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here they stopped before a lofty house.

hero'snounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

possessive form of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Here they stopped before a lofty house.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

Itzig

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading Here they stopped before a lofty house.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

noisenounUS /nɔɪz/

sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound)

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

pillaredadjectiveUS /ˈpɪlərd/

having pillars

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

porticoes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

preferencenounUS /ˈprefərəns/

a strong liking

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

proclaimedadjectiveUS /proʊˈkleɪmd/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

shopsnounUS /ʃɑːps/

plural of “shop” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

sinkverbUS /sɪŋk/

fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading Here they stopped before a lofty house.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

suburbsnounUS /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

travelersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveler” — a person who changes location

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

Veitel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

villasnounUS /ˈvɪləz/

plural of “villa” — Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

well-dressedadjective

having tasteful clothing and being scrupulously neat

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The sun was already low when the travelers reached the suburbs of the capital.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At length they reached one of the main streets, where large houses, with pillared porticoes, gay shops, and a well-dressed crowd, proclaimed the triumph of wealth over poverty.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading First came cottages, then villas, then the houses crowded closer, and the dust and noise made our hero's heart sink within him.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He would soon have lost his way but for Veitel Itzig, who seemed to have a preference for by-streets and narrow flag-stones.

Chapter 4 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag holds 124 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German contain?

Chapter 4 holds 124 sentences of Debit and Credit Translated from the German, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 124 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Common questions about reading Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Debit and Credit Translated from the German?

Yes. All 12154 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19754 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19754, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Debit and Credit Translated from the German take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2431 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Debit and Credit Translated from the German section by section

How to work through Debit and Credit Translated from the German section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Words and structures a reader meets early in Debit and Credit Translated from the German, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ostrau
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Celebrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.