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Debit and Credit Translated from the German
Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Debit and Credit Translated from the German
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.
Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.
Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.
To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.
Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.
Line 2
Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.
Line 3
Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.
Line 4
To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.
Line 5
Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

baron's noun US /ˈbærənz/

possessive form of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading “The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.”

expanse noun US /ɪkˈspæns/

a wide scope

From this reading “Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.”

freeholders noun US /ˈfriːhoʊldərz/

plural of “freeholder” — the owner of a freehold

From this reading “To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.”

heath noun US /hiːθ/

a low evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae; has small bell-shaped pink or purple flowers

From this reading “Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.”

inhabited adjective US /ˌɪnˈhæbətəd/

having inhabitants; lived in

From this reading “To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.”

peopled adjective US /ˈpiːpəld/

furnished with people

From this reading “Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.”

Polish noun US /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

the property of being smooth and shiny

From this reading “Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.”

proprietors noun US /prəˈpraɪətərz/

plural of “proprietor” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading “Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

baron'snounUS /ˈbærənz/

possessive form of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.

BehindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

BeyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.

expansenounUS /ɪkˈspæns/

a wide scope

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

farmersnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

freeholdersnounUS /ˈfriːhoʊldərz/

plural of “freeholder” — the owner of a freehold

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

heathnounUS /hiːθ/

a low evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae; has small bell-shaped pink or purple flowers

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

HerrnounUS /her/

a German man; used before the name as a title equivalent to Mr in English

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.

inhabitedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈhæbətəd/

having inhabitants; lived in

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

Kunau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.

mixedadjectiveUS /mɪkst/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

nearestadverbUS /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

Neudorf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

peopledadjectiveUS /ˈpiːpəld/

furnished with people

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

PolishnounUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

the property of being smooth and shiny

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

proprietorsnounUS /prəˈpraɪətərz/

plural of “proprietor” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

Rosmin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

Slavonicnoun

a branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

spotsnounUS /spɑːts/

spots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

Tarow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The baron's estate lay in a corner of the Rosmin circle.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Beyond Kunau and Neudorf, to the north, there was a Polish district peopled by small freeholders, for the most part in very reduced circumstances, and over head and ears in debt.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

von

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Behind the forest, to the north, was the German village of Neudorf, and farther off, to the east, that of Kunau.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading To the west and south of the estate the country was inhabited by a mixed population; but the Germans there were strong, rich freeholders and large farmers having settled among the Slavonic race.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Both these spots were separated by a wide expanse of sand and heath from any Polish proprietors, Herr von Tarow being the nearest.

Chapter 30 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag holds 432 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German contain?

Chapter 30 holds 432 sentences of Debit and Credit Translated from the German, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 432 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 12154 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19754 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #19754, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 2431 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Words and structures a reader meets early in Debit and Credit Translated from the German, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ostrau
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Celebrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.