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Debit and Credit Translated from the German
Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is here in full — 305 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Debit and Credit Translated from the German
Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.
Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.
The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.
"Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.
"He is in the castle, my lady."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is here in full — 305 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.
Line 2
Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.
Line 3
The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.
/ðə hɔːrnd ˈkriːtʃərz lʊkt fʊl æt hɜːr wɪð ðer lɑːrdʒ aɪz ənd reɪzd ðer brɔːd dæmp ˈnoʊzɪz sʌm ʌv ðem ˈloʊɪŋ ɪn ˌekspekˈteɪʃən ʌv rəˈsiːvɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɡʊd æt hɜːr hændz/
Line 4
"Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.
Line 5
"He is in the castle, my lady."
/hiː ɪz ɪn ðə ˈkæsəl maɪ ˈleɪdi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bailiff noun US /ˈbeɪləf/

an officer of the court who is employed to execute writs and processes and make arrests etc.

From this reading “"Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.”

expand verb US /ɪkˈspænd/

extend in one or more directions

From this reading “It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.”

genial adjective US /ˈdʒiːnjəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading “It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.”

horned adjective US /hɔːrnd/

having a horn or horns or hornlike parts or horns of a particular kind

From this reading “The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.”

lowing verb US /ˈloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “low” — make a low noise, characteristic of bovines

From this reading “The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.”

noses noun US /ˈnoʊzɪz/

plural of “nose” — the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading “The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.”

quicken verb US /ˈkwɪkən/

move faster

From this reading “It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.”

sunny adjective US /ˈsʌni/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading “It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

bailiffnounUS /ˈbeɪləf/

an officer of the court who is employed to execute writs and processes and make arrests etc.

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading "He is in the castle, my lady."

cow-houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

creaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

expandverbUS /ɪkˈspænd/

extend in one or more directions

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

expectationnounUS /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/

belief about (or mental picture of) the future

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

farm-yard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

genialadjectiveUS /ˈdʒiːnjəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "He is in the castle, my lady."

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

hornedadjectiveUS /hɔːrnd/

having a horn or horns or hornlike parts or horns of a particular kind

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

hurryingadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːriɪŋ/

moving with great haste

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading "He is in the castle, my lady."

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

leaf-bud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

Lenore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

lowingverbUS /ˈloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “low” — make a low noise, characteristic of bovines

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "He is in the castle, my lady."

nosesnounUS /ˈnoʊzɪz/

plural of “nose” — the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

parasolnoun

a handheld collapsible source of shade

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

quickenverbUS /ˈkwɪkən/

move faster

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

receivingverbUS /rəˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

stableadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪbəl/

resistant to change of position or condition

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

sunnyadjectiveUS /ˈsʌni/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The horned creatures looked full at her with their large eyes, and raised their broad damp noses, some of them lowing in expectation of receiving something good at her hands.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

throbs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a sunny morning in April--one of those genial growing days that expand the leaf-bud on the trees, and quicken the throbs of the human heart.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Lenore went with hat and parasol out into the farm-yard, and walked through the cow-houses.

Wohlfart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Is Mr. Wohlfart here?" asked Lenore of the bailiff, who was hurrying by to the stable.

Chapter 31 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag holds 305 sentences, grouped into 61 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German contain?

Chapter 31 holds 305 sentences of Debit and Credit Translated from the German, unabridged, divided into 61 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 305 sentences, grouped into 61 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Debit and Credit Translated from the German?

Work through the 61 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 61 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Common questions about reading Debit and Credit Translated from the German by Gustav Freytag on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Debit and Credit Translated from the German?

Yes. All 12154 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19754 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Debit and Credit Translated from the German is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19754, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Debit and Credit Translated from the German take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2431 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Debit and Credit Translated from the German section by section

How to work through Debit and Credit Translated from the German section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Debit and Credit Translated from the German

Words and structures a reader meets early in Debit and Credit Translated from the German, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ostrau
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Celebrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Debit and Credit Translated from the German; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.