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Democracy, an American novel
Democracy, an American novel

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Democracy, an American novel is here in full — 204 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
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ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.
She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.
In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.
Towards the close of the second day, victory crowned her forehead.
A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Democracy, an American novel

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Democracy, an American novel is here in full — 204 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.
/ɑːn ðə fɜːrst ʌv dɪˈsembər ˈmɪsɪz liː tʊk ðə treɪn fɔːr ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ənd bɪˈfɔːr faɪv əˈklɑːk ðæt ˈiːvnɪŋ ʃiː wɑːz ˈentərɪŋ hɜːr ˈnuːli ˈhaɪərd haʊs ɑːn ˌlɑːfiˈet skwer/
Line 2
She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.
Line 3
In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.
/ɪn ðɪs ˈɑːfəl ˈkɑːntest ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ʌv ðə duːmd haʊs ˈsʌfərd æz ðoʊ ə ˈdiːmən wɜːr ɪn ɪt nɑːt ə tʃer nɑːt ə ˈmɪrər nɑːt ə ˈkɑːrpət wɑːz left ənˈtʌtʃt ənd ɪn ðə mɪdst ʌv ðə wɜːrst kənˈfjuːʒən ðə nuː ˈmɪstrəs sæt kɑːm æz ðə ˈstætʃuː ʌv ˈændruː ˈdʒæksən ɪn ðə skwer ˈʌndər hɜːr aɪz ənd ˈɪʃuːd hɜːr ˈɔːrdərz wɪð æz mʌtʃ dɪˈsɪʒən æz ðæt ˈhɪroʊ hæd ˈevər ʃoʊn/
Line 4
Towards the close of the second day, victory crowned her forehead.
/təˈwɔːrdz ðə kloʊs ʌv ðə ˈsekənd deɪ ˈvɪktəri kraʊnd hɜːr ˈfɔːrhed/
Line 5
A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.
/ə nuː ˈerə ə ˈnoʊblər kənˈsepʃən ʌv ˈduːti ənd eɡˈzɪstəns hæd dɔːnd əˈpɑːn ðæt bɪˈnaɪtɪd ənd ˈhiːðən ˈrezɪdəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barbarism noun US /ˈbɑːrbərɪzəm/

a brutal barbarous savage act

From this reading “She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.”

benighted adjective US /bɪˈnaɪtɪd/

overtaken by night or darkness

From this reading “A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.”

dawned verb US /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading “A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.”

era noun US /ˈerə/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading “A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.”

Lafayette noun US /ˌlɑːfiˈet/

French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)

From this reading “ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.”

mastery noun US /ˈmæstəri/

great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity

From this reading “She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.”

nobler adjective US /ˈnoʊblər/

comparative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading “A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.”

untouched adjective US /ənˈtʌtʃt/

still full

From this reading “In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

AndrewnounUS /ˈændruː/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

awfuladjectiveUS /ˈɑːfəl/

exceptionally bad or displeasing

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

barbarismnounUS /ˈbɑːrbərɪzəm/

a brutal barbarous savage act

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

benightedadjectiveUS /bɪˈnaɪtɪd/

overtaken by night or darkness

From this reading A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

carpetnounUS /ˈkɑːrpət/

floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile)

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Towards the close of the second day, victory crowned her forehead.

conceptionnounUS /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.

confusionnounUS /kənˈfjuːʒən/

disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

contestnounUS /ˈkɑːntest/

an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

crownedadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading Towards the close of the second day, victory crowned her forehead.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

curtainsnounUS /ˈkɜːrtənz/

plural of “curtain” — hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Towards the close of the second day, victory crowned her forehead.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

decisionnounUS /dɪˈsɪʒən/

the act of making up your mind about something

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

demonnounUS /ˈdiːmən/

an evil supernatural being

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

doomedadjectiveUS /duːmd/

marked for certain death

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

eranounUS /ˈerə/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

foreheadnounUS /ˈfɔːrhed/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading Towards the close of the second day, victory crowned her forehead.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

griefnounUS /ɡriːf/

intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

heathennounUS /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

hiredadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪərd/

having services engaged for a fee

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

issuedverbUS /ˈɪʃuːd/

past form of “issue” — prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

JacksonnounUS /ˈdʒæksən/

English film actress who later became a member of British Parliament (born in 1936)

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

LafayettenounUS /ˌlɑːfiˈet/

French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

LeenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

life-and-deathadjective

vitally important

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

masterynounUS /ˈmæstəri/

great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

mingledverbUS /ˈmɪŋɡəld/

past form of “mingle” — to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

mirrornounUS /ˈmɪrər/

polished surface that forms images by reflecting light

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

mistressnounUS /ˈmɪstrəs/

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

nobleradjectiveUS /ˈnoʊblər/

comparative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

residencenounUS /ˈrezɪdəns/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Towards the close of the second day, victory crowned her forehead.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

shruggedverbUS /ʃrʌɡd/

inflected form of “shrug” — raise one's shoulders to indicate indifference or resignation

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

SquareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

statuenounUS /ˈstætʃuː/

a sculpture representing a human or animal

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

surroundingsnounUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋz/

the environmental condition

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

TowardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Towards the close of the second day, victory crowned her forehead.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

untouchedadjectiveUS /ənˈtʌtʃt/

still full

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading A new era, a nobler conception of duty and existence, had dawned upon that benighted and heathen residence.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Towards the close of the second day, victory crowned her forehead.

wall-papers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading ON the first of December, Mrs. Lee took the train for Washington, and before five o'clock that evening she was entering her newly hired house on Lafayette Square.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading She shrugged her shoulders with a mingled expression of contempt and grief at the curious barbarism of the curtains and the wall-papers, and her next two days were occupied with a life-and-death struggle to get the mastery over her surroundings.

worstnounUS /wɜːrst/

the least favorable outcome

From this reading In this awful contest the interior of the doomed house suffered as though a demon were in it; not a chair, not a mirror, not a carpet, was left untouched, and in the midst of the worst confusion the new mistress sat, calm as the statue of Andrew Jackson in the square under her eyes, and issued her orders with as much decision as that hero had ever shown.

Chapter 2 of Democracy, an American novel by Henry Adams holds 204 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Democracy, an American novel contain?

Chapter 2 holds 204 sentences of Democracy, an American novel, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Democracy, an American novel by Henry Adams exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 204 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Democracy, an American novel?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Democracy, an American novel

Common questions about reading Democracy, an American novel by Henry Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Democracy, an American novel?

Yes. All 3452 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2815 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Democracy, an American novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2815, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Democracy, an American novel take to read?

About 287 minutes of reading across 691 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Democracy, an American novel section by section

How to work through Democracy, an American novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Democracy, an American novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Democracy, an American novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Democracy, an American novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Reasons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Democracy, an American novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Persons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Democracy, an American novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thought
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Democracy, an American novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ridiculous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Democracy, an American novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.