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Demos
Demos

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Demos is here in full — 364 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Demos
Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.
He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.
Easter Monday found him down-stairs at half-past six.
His mother would to-day allow herself another hour.
Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Demos

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Demos is here in full — 364 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.
Line 2
He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.
/hiː hæd hɪz ˈbɑːdi wel ˈʌndər kənˈtroʊl sɪks ˈaʊərz ʌv sliːp hiː faʊnd səˈfɪʃənt tuː kiːp hɪm ɪn helθ ənd temˈteɪʃənz tuː ˈpɜːrsɪnəl iːz ɪn ˌwʌˈtevər fɔːrm hiː rɪˈzɪstɪd æz ə ˈmætər ʌv ˈprɪnsəpəl/
Line 3
Easter Monday found him down-stairs at half-past six.
Line 4
His mother would to-day allow herself another hour.
Line 5
Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

control noun US /kənˈtroʊl/

power to direct or determine

From this reading “He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.”

daring noun US /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading “’Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.”

Easter noun US /ˈiːstər/

a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox

From this reading “Easter Monday found him down-stairs at half-past six.”

holiday noun US /ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading “On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.”

Monday noun US /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading “Easter Monday found him down-stairs at half-past six.”

principle noun US /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading “He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.”

resisted verb US /rɪˈzɪstɪd/

past form of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading “He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.”

temptations noun US /temˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “temptation” — something that seduces or has the quality to seduce

From this reading “He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

allowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading His mother would to-day allow herself another hour.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading His mother would to-day allow herself another hour.

Arry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ’Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Easter Monday found him down-stairs at half-past six.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading ’Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading ’Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.

controlnounUS /kənˈtroʊl/

power to direct or determine

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading ’Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading ’Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.

down-stairs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Easter Monday found him down-stairs at half-past six.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

EasternounUS /ˈiːstər/

a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox

From this reading Easter Monday found him down-stairs at half-past six.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

half-past

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Easter Monday found him down-stairs at half-past six.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading His mother would to-day allow herself another hour.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

holidaynounUS /ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading His mother would to-day allow herself another hour.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading ’Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading ’Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading Easter Monday found him down-stairs at half-past six.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His mother would to-day allow herself another hour.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

resistedverbUS /rɪˈzɪstɪd/

past form of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

temptationsnounUS /temˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “temptation” — something that seduces or has the quality to seduce

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading ’Arry would be down just in time to breakfast, not daring to be late.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mother would to-day allow herself another hour.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On ordinary days Richard of necessity rose early; a holiday did not lead him to break the rule, for free hours were precious.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading He had his body well under control; six hours of sleep he found sufficient to keep him in health, and temptations to personal ease, in whatever form, he resisted as a matter of principle.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading His mother would to-day allow herself another hour.

Chapter 4 of Demos by George Gissing holds 364 sentences, grouped into 73 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Demos contain?

Chapter 4 holds 364 sentences of Demos, unabridged, divided into 73 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Demos by George Gissing exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 364 sentences, grouped into 73 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Demos?

Work through the 73 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 73 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Demos

Common questions about reading Demos by George Gissing on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Demos?

Yes. All 13251 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4309 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Demos is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4309, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Demos take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2651 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Demos section by section

How to work through Demos section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 36 chapters of Demos to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Demos

Words and structures a reader meets early in Demos, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Passed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Demos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Adela
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Demos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Demos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Short
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Demos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.