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Despotism and Democracy
Despotism and Democracy

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Despotism and Democracy is here in full — 460 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Despotism and Democracy
Context Illustration Reading 1/92 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.
In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.
She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.
Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.
Those five years represented a cycle to her.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Despotism and Democracy

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Despotism and Democracy is here in full — 460 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/92 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.
Line 2
In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.
Line 3
She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.
Line 4
Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.
Line 5
Those five years represented a cycle to her.
/ðoʊz faɪv jɪrz ˌreprɪˈzentɪd ə ˈsaɪkəl tuː hɜːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

burr noun US /bɜːr/

seed vessel having hooks or prickles

From this reading “Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.”

Crane verb US /kreɪn/

stretch (the neck) so as to see better

From this reading “Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.”

cycle noun US /ˈsaɪkəl/

an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs

From this reading “Those five years represented a cycle to her.”

developing adjective US /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/

relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply

From this reading “Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.”

hazel adjective US /ˈheɪzəl/

of a light brown or yellowish brown color

From this reading “She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.”

impress verb US /ˌɪmˈpres/

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

From this reading “Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.”

obliterated adjective US /əˈblɪtəreɪtɪd/

reduced to nothingness

From this reading “Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.”

seclusion noun US /sɪˈkluːʒən/

the quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others

From this reading “Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

almost obliterated adverb + adjective

In this reading “Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.”

five years noun + noun

In this reading “Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.”

hazel eyes adjective + noun

In this reading “She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.”

fair hair adjective + noun

In this reading “She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.”

soft voice adjective + noun

In this reading “Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.

Annette

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

burrnounUS /bɜːr/

seed vessel having hooks or prickles

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

Circleville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

complexionnounUS /kəmˈplekʃən/

the coloring of a person's face

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

CraneverbUS /kreɪn/

stretch (the neck) so as to see better

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

cyclenounUS /ˈsaɪkəl/

an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs

From this reading Those five years represented a cycle to her.

developingadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/

relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

dignitynounUS /ˈdɪɡnəti/

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect

From this reading In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.

EverythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

frankadjectiveUS /fræŋk/

characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.

gazenounUS /ɡeɪz/

a long fixed look

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

hazeladjectiveUS /ˈheɪzəl/

of a light brown or yellowish brown color

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

impressverbUS /ˌɪmˈpres/

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.

limpidadjective

clear and bright

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.

obliteratedadjectiveUS /əˈblɪtəreɪtɪd/

reduced to nothingness

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading Those five years represented a cycle to her.

seclusionnounUS /sɪˈkluːʒən/

the quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.

sinceritynounUS /sɪnˈserəti/

an earnest and sincere feeling

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

sweetestadjectiveUS /ˈswiːtəst/

superlative of “sweet” — having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Those five years represented a cycle to her.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Everything about her bore the impress of a gentle sincerity--her frank gaze, her pretty smile, her soft voice, in which the Western burr was almost obliterated.

wild-rose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading She had fair hair and a wild-rose complexion, and a pair of the sweetest, most limpid hazel eyes in the world.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Those five years of seclusion at Circleville had been developing years for Annette Crane.

youthfulnessnoun

the freshness and vitality characteristic of a young person

From this reading In appearance she had gained in dignity and had not lost in youthfulness.

Chapter 4 of Despotism and Democracy by Molly Elliot Seawell holds 460 sentences, grouped into 92 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Despotism and Democracy contain?

Chapter 4 holds 460 sentences of Despotism and Democracy, unabridged, divided into 92 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Despotism and Democracy by Molly Elliot Seawell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 460 sentences, grouped into 92 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Despotism and Democracy?

Work through the 92 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 92 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Despotism and Democracy

Common questions about reading Despotism and Democracy by Molly Elliot Seawell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Despotism and Democracy?

Yes. All 2767 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #67721 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Despotism and Democracy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #67721, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Despotism and Democracy take to read?

About 230 minutes of reading across 554 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Despotism and Democracy section by section

How to work through Despotism and Democracy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Despotism and Democracy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Despotism and Democracy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Despotism and Democracy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Despotism and Democracy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Aspects
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Despotism and Democracy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Washington
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Despotism and Democracy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outward
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Despotism and Democracy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.