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Direct methods
Direct methods

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Direct methods is here in full — 532 sentences across 107 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Direct methods
Context Illustration Reading 1/106 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Author of There and Back,” Feud’s End,” etc.
A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.
As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.
Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.
They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Direct methods

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Direct methods is here in full — 532 sentences across 107 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/106 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Author ofThere and Back,” “Feud’s End,” etc.
Line 2
A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.
Line 3
As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.
Line 4
Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.
Line 5
They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

airplane noun US /ˈerpleɪn/

an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading “A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.”

bombers noun US /ˈbɑːmərz/

plural of “bomber” — a military aircraft that drops bombs during flight

From this reading “Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.”

expanse noun US /ɪkˈspæns/

a wide scope

From this reading “A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.”

monsters noun US /ˈmɑːnstərz/

plural of “monster” — an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

From this reading “They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.”

passenger noun US /ˈpæsəndʒər/

a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading “As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.”

spiraling adjective US /ˈspaɪrəlɪŋ/

in the shape of a coil

From this reading “A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.”

throttled verb US /ˈθrɑːtəld/

past form of “throttle” — place limits on (extent or amount or access)

From this reading “As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.”

Twenty-two noun US /ˈtwentituː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-one and one

From this reading “Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

front seat noun + noun

In this reading “As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.”

two lines noun + noun counted as “two line”

In this reading “Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

airplanenounUS /ˈerpleɪn/

an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Author of “There and Back,” “Feud’s End,” etc.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Author of “There and Back,” “Feud’s End,” etc.

BackadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Author of “There and Back,” “Feud’s End,” etc.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

bombersnounUS /ˈbɑːmərz/

plural of “bomber” — a military aircraft that drops bombs during flight

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

EasternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

EndnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Author of “There and Back,” “Feud’s End,” etc.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of “There and Back,” “Feud’s End,” etc.

expansenounUS /ɪkˈspæns/

a wide scope

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

Feud's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of “There and Back,” “Feud’s End,” etc.

FieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

Haviland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

interestedly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

Langham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

LibertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

linedadjectiveUS /laɪnd/

bordered by a line of things

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

massiveadjectiveUS /ˈmæsɪv/

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

monstersnounUS /ˈmɑːnstərz/

plural of “monster” — an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

motornounUS /ˈmoʊtər/

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Author of “There and Back,” “Feud’s End,” etc.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

passengernounUS /ˈpæsəndʒər/

a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

peeredverbUS /pɪrd/

past form of “peer” — look searchingly

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

pilotverbUS /ˈpaɪlət/

operate an airplane

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

slimadjectiveUS /slɪm/

being of delicate or slender build

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

slothfuladjective

disinclined to work or exertion

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

spiralingadjectiveUS /ˈspaɪrəlɪŋ/

in the shape of a coil

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

suggestionnounUS /səˈdʒestʃən/

an idea that is suggested

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Author of “There and Back,” “Feud’s End,” etc.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

throttledverbUS /ˈθrɑːtəld/

past form of “throttle” — place limits on (extent or amount or access)

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

Twenty-twonounUS /ˈtwentituː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-one and one

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

twin-motored

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading They looked like waiting monsters, slothful but terrible in their suggestion of power.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A De Haviland airplane was spiraling down over the level expanse of Langham Field.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Twenty-two massive twin-motored bombers were lined up on the Eastern edge of the field, nose to nose in two lines.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading As the slim young pilot in the front seat slowly throttled the big Liberty motor which had carried the ship from Washington, the passenger peered down interestedly.

Chapter 1 of Direct methods by Thomson Burtis holds 532 sentences, grouped into 107 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Direct methods contain?

Chapter 1 holds 532 sentences of Direct methods, unabridged, divided into 107 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Direct methods by Thomson Burtis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 532 sentences, grouped into 107 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Direct methods?

Work through the 107 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 107 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Direct methods

Common questions about reading Direct methods by Thomson Burtis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Direct methods?

Yes. All 1067 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71780 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Direct methods is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71780, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Direct methods take to read?

About 88 minutes of reading across 214 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Direct methods section by section

How to work through Direct methods section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of Direct methods to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Direct methods

Words and structures a reader meets early in Direct methods, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Direct methods; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Haviland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Direct methods; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Airplane
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Direct methods; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spiraling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Direct methods; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.