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Directions for Cookery, in its Various
Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is here in full — 409 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Directions for Cookery, in its Various
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.
A turkey should be accompanied by ham or tongue.
Serve up with it mushroom-sauce.
Have stewed cranberries on the table to eat with it.
Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is here in full — 409 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.
Line 2
A turkey should be accompanied by ham or tongue.
/ə ˈtɜːrki ʃʊd biː əˈkʌmpənid baɪ hæm ɔːr tʌŋ/
Line 3
Serve up with it mushroom-sauce.
Line 4
Have stewed cranberries on the table to eat with it.
/hæv stuːd ˈkrænberiz ɑːn ðə ˈteɪbəl tuː iːt wɪð ɪt/
Line 5
Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

browned adjective US /braʊnd/

(of skin) deeply suntanned

From this reading “Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.”

cranberries noun US /ˈkrænberiz/

plural of “cranberry” — any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries

From this reading “Have stewed cranberries on the table to eat with it.”

gravy noun US /ˈɡreɪvi/

a sauce made by adding stock, flour, or other ingredients to the juice and fat that drips from cooking meats

From this reading “Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.”

seasoned adjective US /ˈsiːzənd/

aged or processed

From this reading “Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.”

skimmed adjective US /skɪmd/

used of milk and milk products from which the cream has been removed

From this reading “Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.”

spoonful noun US /ˈspuːnfʊl/

as much as a spoon will hold

From this reading “Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.”

stewed adjective US /stuːd/

cooked in hot water

From this reading “Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.”

thicken verb US /ˈθɪkən/

make thick or thicker

From this reading “Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading A turkey should be accompanied by ham or tongue.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A turkey should be accompanied by ham or tongue.

brownedadjectiveUS /braʊnd/

(of skin) deeply suntanned

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A turkey should be accompanied by ham or tongue.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

cranberriesnounUS /ˈkrænberiz/

plural of “cranberry” — any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries

From this reading Have stewed cranberries on the table to eat with it.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

Doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

dripping-pan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

drum-sticks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading Have stewed cranberries on the table to eat with it.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

flournounUS /ˈflaʊər/

fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

gibletsnoun

edible viscera of a fowl

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

gravynounUS /ˈɡreɪvi/

a sauce made by adding stock, flour, or other ingredients to the juice and fat that drips from cooking meats

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

hamnounUS /hæm/

meat cut from the thigh of a hog (usually smoked)

From this reading A turkey should be accompanied by ham or tongue.

Haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Have stewed cranberries on the table to eat with it.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

MakeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

mushroom-sauce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Serve up with it mushroom-sauce.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Have stewed cranberries on the table to eat with it.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A turkey should be accompanied by ham or tongue.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

seasonedadjectiveUS /ˈsiːzənd/

aged or processed

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

ServeverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Serve up with it mushroom-sauce.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading A turkey should be accompanied by ham or tongue.

skimmedadjectiveUS /skɪmd/

used of milk and milk products from which the cream has been removed

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

spoonfulnounUS /ˈspuːnfʊl/

as much as a spoon will hold

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

stewedadjectiveUS /stuːd/

cooked in hot water

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading Have stewed cranberries on the table to eat with it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Do not help any one to the legs, or drum-sticks as they are called.

thickenverbUS /ˈθɪkən/

make thick or thicker

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Have stewed cranberries on the table to eat with it.

tonguenounUS /tʌŋ/

a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading A turkey should be accompanied by ham or tongue.

turkeynounUS /ˈtɜːrki/

large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food

From this reading A turkey should be accompanied by ham or tongue.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Serve up with it mushroom-sauce.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Make the gravy of the giblets cut in pieces, seasoned, and stewed for two hours in a very little water; thicken it with a spoonful of browned flour, and stir into it the gravy from the dripping-pan, having first skimmed off the fat.

Chapter 7 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie holds 409 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various contain?

Chapter 7 holds 409 sentences of Directions for Cookery, in its Various, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 409 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Common questions about reading Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Directions for Cookery, in its Various?

Yes. All 7757 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9624 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9624, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Directions for Cookery, in its Various take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1552 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Directions for Cookery, in its Various section by section

How to work through Directions for Cookery, in its Various section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Words and structures a reader meets early in Directions for Cookery, in its Various, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Directions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cookery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Various
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Branches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.