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Directions for Cookery, in its Various
Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Directions for Cookery, in its Various
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.
A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.
It may also be used to flavour gravy.
FLAVOURED VINEGARS.
These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.
Line 2
A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.
/ə ˈspuːnfʊl ʌv ɪt mɪkst ɪn ˈmeltəd ˈbʌtər wɪl meɪk ə faɪn fɪʃ sɔːs/
Line 3
It may also be used to flavour gravy.
Line 4
FLAVOURED VINEGARS.
Line 5
These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

butter noun US /ˈbʌtər/

an edible emulsion of fat globules made by churning milk or cream; for cooking and table use

From this reading “A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.”

conveniently adverb US /kənˈviːnjəntli/

in a convenient manner

From this reading “These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.”

gravy noun US /ˈɡreɪvi/

a sauce made by adding stock, flour, or other ingredients to the juice and fat that drips from cooking meats

From this reading “It may also be used to flavour gravy.”

melted adjective US /ˈmeltəd/

changed from a solid to a liquid state

From this reading “A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.”

procured verb US /proʊˈkjʊrd/

past form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading “These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.”

sauce noun US /sɔːs/

flavorful relish or dressing or topping served as an accompaniment to food

From this reading “A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.”

spoonful noun US /ˈspuːnfʊl/

as much as a spoon will hold

From this reading “A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.”

vinegars noun US /ˈvɪnɪɡərz/

plural of “vinegar” — sour-tasting liquid produced usually by oxidation of the alcohol in wine or cider and used as a condiment or food preservative

From this reading “FLAVOURED VINEGARS.”

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading It may also be used to flavour gravy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

articlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

butternounUS /ˈbʌtər/

an edible emulsion of fat globules made by churning milk or cream; for cooking and table use

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

catchup

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

convenientlyadverbUS /kənˈviːnjəntli/

in a convenient manner

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

flavournoun

the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people

From this reading It may also be used to flavour gravy.

FLAVOURED

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FLAVOURED VINEGARS.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

gravynounUS /ˈɡreɪvi/

a sauce made by adding stock, flour, or other ingredients to the juice and fat that drips from cooking meats

From this reading It may also be used to flavour gravy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

keepsnounUS /kiːps/

plural of “keep” — the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

meltedadjectiveUS /ˈmeltəd/

changed from a solid to a liquid state

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

mixedadjectiveUS /mɪkst/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

procuredverbUS /proʊˈkjʊrd/

past form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

saucenounUS /sɔːs/

flavorful relish or dressing or topping served as an accompaniment to food

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

spoonfulnounUS /ˈspuːnfʊl/

as much as a spoon will hold

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It may also be used to flavour gravy.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading It may also be used to flavour gravy.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

VINEGARSnounUS /ˈvɪnɪɡərz/

plural of “vinegar” — sour-tasting liquid produced usually by oxidation of the alcohol in wine or cider and used as a condiment or food preservative

From this reading FLAVOURED VINEGARS.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading A spoonful of it mixed in melted butter will make a fine fish sauce.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading These vinegars will be found very useful, at times when the articles with which they are flavoured cannot be conveniently procured.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading This catchup keeps well at sea, and may be carried into any part of the world.

Chapter 8 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various contain?

Chapter 8 holds 404 sentences of Directions for Cookery, in its Various, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Common questions about reading Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Directions for Cookery, in its Various?

Yes. All 7757 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9624 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9624, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Directions for Cookery, in its Various take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1552 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Directions for Cookery, in its Various section by section

How to work through Directions for Cookery, in its Various section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of Directions for Cookery, in its Various to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Words and structures a reader meets early in Directions for Cookery, in its Various, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Directions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cookery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Various
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Branches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.