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Directions for Cookery, in its Various
Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Directions for Cookery, in its Various
Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.
Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.
Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.
Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.
Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.
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Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.
/fɔːr ðɪs ˈpɜːrpəs ðə smɔːl ˈbʌtən ˈmʌʃruːmz ɑːr best/
Line 2
Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.
/wɑːʃ ðem kliːn piːl ɔːf ðə skɪn ənd kʌt ɔːf ðə stɔːks/
Line 3
Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.
Line 4
Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.
Line 5
Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.
/stuː ðem fɪfˈtiːn ˈmɪnəts ənd dʒʌst bɪˈfɔːr juː teɪk ðem ʌp stɜːr ɪn ə ˈveri ˈlɪtəl kriːm ɔːr rɪtʃ mɪlk ənd sʌm ˈbiːtən joʊk ʌv eɡ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

mushrooms noun US /ˈmʌʃruːmz/

plural of “mushroom” — common name for an edible agaric (contrasting with the inedible toadstool)

From this reading “For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.”

nutmeg noun US /ˈnʌtmeɡ/

East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace

From this reading “Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.”

peel verb US /piːl/

strip the skin off

From this reading “Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.”

porcelain noun US /ˈpɔːrsələn/

ceramic ware made of a more or less translucent ceramic

From this reading “Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.”

stalks noun US /stɔːks/

plural of “stalk” — material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds

From this reading “Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.”

stew verb US /stuː/

be in a huff; be silent or sullen

From this reading “Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.”

trimmings noun US /ˈtrɪmɪŋz/

the accessories that normally accompany (something or some activity)

From this reading “Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.”

yolk noun US /joʊk/

the yellow spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the albumen

From this reading “Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.

beatenadjectiveUS /ˈbiːtən/

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

butternounUS /ˈbʌtər/

an edible emulsion of fat globules made by churning milk or cream; for cooking and table use

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

buttonnounUS /ˈbʌtən/

a round fastener sewn to shirts and coats etc to fit through buttonholes

From this reading For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

creamnounUS /kriːm/

the best people or things in a group

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.

eggnounUS /eɡ/

animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

flournounUS /ˈflaʊər/

fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

linedadjectiveUS /laɪnd/

bordered by a line of things

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

liquidadjectiveUS /ˈlɪkwəd/

existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

liquornounUS /ˈlɪkər/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

milknounUS /mɪlk/

a white nutritious liquid secreted by mammals and used as food by human beings

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

mushroomsnounUS /ˈmʌʃruːmz/

plural of “mushroom” — common name for an edible agaric (contrasting with the inedible toadstool)

From this reading For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.

nutmegnounUS /ˈnʌtmeɡ/

East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

peelverbUS /piːl/

strip the skin off

From this reading Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.

pepperverbUS /ˈpepər/

add pepper to

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

porcelainnounUS /ˈpɔːrsələn/

ceramic ware made of a more or less translucent ceramic

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.

PutverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

rolledadjectiveUS /roʊld/

especially of petals or leaves in bud; having margins rolled inward

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

saltnounUS /sɔːlt/

a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal)

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

sauce-pan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

skinnounUS /skɪn/

a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

stalksnounUS /stɔːks/

plural of “stalk” — material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds

From this reading Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.

stewverbUS /stuː/

be in a huff; be silent or sullen

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

strainnounUS /streɪn/

(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then strain the liquor, and having put the mushrooms into a clean sauce-pan, (a silver one, or one lined with porcelain,) add the liquid to them with a little nutmeg, pepper and salt, and a piece of butter rolled in flour.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For this purpose the small button mushrooms are best.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

trimmingsnounUS /ˈtrɪmɪŋz/

the accessories that normally accompany (something or some activity)

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

WashverbUS /wɑːʃ/

clean with some chemical process

From this reading Wash them clean, peel off the skin, and cut off the stalks.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Put the trimmings into a small sauce-pan with just enough water to keep them from burning, and, covering them closely, let them stew a quarter of an hour.

yolknounUS /joʊk/

the yellow spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the albumen

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Stew them fifteen minutes, and just before you take them up, stir in a very little cream or rich milk and some beaten yolk of egg.

Chapter 9 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie holds 421 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various contain?

Chapter 9 holds 421 sentences of Directions for Cookery, in its Various, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 421 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Common questions about reading Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Directions for Cookery, in its Various?

Yes. All 7757 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9624 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9624, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Directions for Cookery, in its Various take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1552 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Directions for Cookery, in its Various section by section

How to work through Directions for Cookery, in its Various section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Words and structures a reader meets early in Directions for Cookery, in its Various, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Directions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cookery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Various
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Branches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.