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Directions for Cookery, in its Various
Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Directions for Cookery, in its Various
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.
Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.
Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.
Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.
It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.
/ˈhævɪŋ ˈsɪftɪd ðə ˈflaʊər ˈɪntuː ə pæn æd ðə pəˈteɪtoʊz ˈɡrædʒuːəli ˈrʌbɪŋ ðem wel ˈɪntuː ðə ˈflaʊər wɪð jɔːr hændz/
Line 2
Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.
/mɪks ɪn səˈfɪʃənt koʊld ˈwɔːtər tuː meɪk ə stɪf doʊ/
Line 3
Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.
Line 4
Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.
/pəˈteɪtoʊ peɪst mʌst biː sent tuː ˈteɪbəl kwaɪt hɑːt æz suːn æz ɪt kuːlz ɪt bɪˈkʌmz tʌf ənd ˈhevi/
Line 5
It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

baking noun US /ˈbeɪkɪŋ/

making bread or cake or pastry etc.

From this reading “It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.”

cools noun US /kuːlz/

plural of “cool” — the quality of being at a refreshingly low temperature

From this reading “Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.”

dough noun US /doʊ/

a flour mixture stiff enough to knead or roll

From this reading “Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.”

dumplings noun US /ˈdʌmplɪŋz/

small balls or strips of boiled or steamed dough

From this reading “Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.”

evenly adverb US /ˈiːvənli/

in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way

From this reading “Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.”

paste noun US /peɪst/

any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency

From this reading “Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.”

Potato noun US /pəˈteɪtoʊ/

an edible tuber native to South America; a staple food of Ireland

From this reading “Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.”

sifted verb US /ˈsɪftɪd/

past form of “sift” — move as if through a sieve

From this reading “Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

applenounUS /ˈæpəl/

fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

bakingnounUS /ˈbeɪkɪŋ/

making bread or cake or pastry etc.

From this reading It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

beef-steak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

boiledadjectiveUS /bɔɪld/

cooked in hot water

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.

coolsnounUS /kuːlz/

plural of “cool” — the quality of being at a refreshingly low temperature

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

doughnounUS /doʊ/

a flour mixture stiff enough to knead or roll

From this reading Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.

dumplingsnounUS /ˈdʌmplɪŋz/

small balls or strips of boiled or steamed dough

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.

evenlyadverbUS /ˈiːvənli/

in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

flournounUS /ˈflaʊər/

fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

MixverbUS /mɪks/

mix together different elements

From this reading Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

panverbUS /pæn/

make a sweeping movement

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

pastenounUS /peɪst/

any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

PotatonounUS /pəˈteɪtoʊ/

an edible tuber native to South America; a staple food of Ireland

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

potatoesnounUS /pəˈteɪtoʊz/

plural of “potato” — an edible tuber native to South America; a staple food of Ireland

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

puddingnounUS /ˈpʊdɪŋ/

any of various soft thick unsweetened baked dishes

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

RollverbUS /roʊl/

move by turning over or rotating

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

rubbingnounUS /ˈrʌbɪŋ/

the resistance encountered when one body is moved in contact with another

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

siftedverbUS /ˈsɪftɪd/

past form of “sift” — move as if through a sieve

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

stiffadjectiveUS /stɪf/

not moving or operating freely

From this reading Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.

suetnoun

hard fat around the kidneys and loins in beef and sheep

From this reading It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.

toughadjectiveUS /tʌf/

not given to gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading Potato paste must be sent to table quite hot; as soon as it cools it becomes tough and heavy.

unfitadjectiveUS /ənˈfɪt/

below the required standards for a purpose

From this reading It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Mix in sufficient cold water to make a stiff dough.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It is unfit for baking; and even when boiled is less light than suet paste.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Roll it out evenly, and you may use it for apple dumplings, boiled apple pudding, beef-steak pudding, &c.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Having sifted the flour into a pan, add the potatoes gradually; rubbing them well into the flour with your hands.

Chapter 12 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various contain?

Chapter 12 holds 408 sentences of Directions for Cookery, in its Various, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Common questions about reading Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Directions for Cookery, in its Various?

Yes. All 7757 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9624 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9624, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Directions for Cookery, in its Various take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1552 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Directions for Cookery, in its Various section by section

How to work through Directions for Cookery, in its Various section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of Directions for Cookery, in its Various to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Words and structures a reader meets early in Directions for Cookery, in its Various, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Directions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cookery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Various
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Branches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.