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Directions for Cookery, in its Various
Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Directions for Cookery, in its Various
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.
If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.
BATH BUNS.
Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.
Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.
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Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.
Line 2
If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.
/ɪf juː juːs fruːt pʊt ɪn hæf ə waɪn ɡlæs mɔːr ʌv ðə jiːst/
Line 3
BATH BUNS.
/bæθ bʌnz/
Line 4
Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.
/bɔɪl ə ˈlɪtəl ˈsæfrən ɪn səˈfɪʃənt ˈwɔːtər tuː ˈkʌvər ɪt tɪl ðə ˈlɪkwəd ɪz ʌv ə braɪt ˈjeloʊ ðen streɪn ɪt ənd set ɪt tuː kuːl/
Line 5
Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.
/rʌb hæf ə paʊnd ʌv freʃ ˈbʌtər ˈɪntuː ə paʊnd ʌv ˈsɪftɪd ˈflaʊər ənd meɪk ɪt ˈɪntuː ə peɪst wɪð fɔːr eɡz ðæt hæv bɪn wel ˈbiːtən ənd ə lɑːrdʒ waɪn ɡlæs ʌv ðə best ənd ˈstrɔːŋɡəst jiːst ˈædɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈfjuːʒən ʌv ˈsæfrən tuː ˈkʌlər ɪt ˈjeloʊ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

buns noun US /bʌnz/

the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on

From this reading “BATH BUNS.”

chopped adjective US /tʃɑːpt/

prepared by cutting

From this reading “In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.”

infusion noun US /ˌɪnˈfjuːʒən/

a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)

From this reading “Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.”

raisins noun US /ˈreɪzənz/

plural of “raisin” — dried grape

From this reading “In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.”

saffron noun US /ˈsæfrən/

Old World crocus having purple or white flowers with aromatic pungent orange stigmas used in flavoring food

From this reading “Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.”

sifted verb US /ˈsɪftɪd/

past form of “sift” — move as if through a sieve

From this reading “Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.”

stoned adjective US /stoʊnd/

under the influence of narcotics

From this reading “In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.”

yeast noun US /jiːst/

a commercial leavening agent containing yeast cells; used to raise the dough in making bread and for fermenting beer or whiskey

From this reading “If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

addingverbUS /ˈædɪŋ/

-ing form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

BATHnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading BATH BUNS.

beatenadjectiveUS /ˈbiːtən/

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

BoilverbUS /bɔɪl/

come to the boiling point and change from a liquid to vapor

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

BUNSnounUS /bʌnz/

the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on

From this reading BATH BUNS.

butternounUS /ˈbʌtər/

an edible emulsion of fat globules made by churning milk or cream; for cooking and table use

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

choppedadjectiveUS /tʃɑːpt/

prepared by cutting

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

cooladjectiveUS /kuːl/

neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

currants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

eggsnounUS /eɡz/

oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

flournounUS /ˈflaʊər/

fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

floured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

infusionnounUS /ˌɪnˈfjuːʒən/

a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

liquidadjectiveUS /ˈlɪkwəd/

existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

mixingnounUS /ˈmɪksɪŋ/

the act of mixing together

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

pastenounUS /peɪst/

any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

poundverbUS /paʊnd/

hit hard with the hand, fist, or some heavy instrument

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.

raisinsnounUS /ˈreɪzənz/

plural of “raisin” — dried grape

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

RubverbUS /rʌb/

move over something with pressure

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

saffronnounUS /ˈsæfrən/

Old World crocus having purple or white flowers with aromatic pungent orange stigmas used in flavoring food

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

siftedverbUS /ˈsɪftɪd/

past form of “sift” — move as if through a sieve

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

stonedadjectiveUS /stoʊnd/

under the influence of narcotics

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

strainnounUS /streɪn/

(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

strongestadjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋɡəst/

superlative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Rub half a pound of fresh butter into a pound of sifted flour, and make it into a paste with four eggs that have been well beaten, and a large wine glass of the best and strongest yeast; adding the infusion of saffron to colour it yellow.

yeastnounUS /jiːst/

a commercial leavening agent containing yeast cells; used to raise the dough in making bread and for fermenting beer or whiskey

From this reading If you use fruit, put in half a wine glass more of the yeast.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading Boil a little saffron in sufficient water to cover it, till the liquid is of a bright yellow; then strain it, and set it to cool.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading In mixing them, you may stir in at the last half a pound of raisins, stoned, chopped and floured; or half a pound of currants.

Chapter 15 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various contain?

Chapter 15 holds 404 sentences of Directions for Cookery, in its Various, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Directions for Cookery, in its Various?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Common questions about reading Directions for Cookery, in its Various by Eliza Leslie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 7757 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9624 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #9624, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1552 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Directions for Cookery, in its Various

Words and structures a reader meets early in Directions for Cookery, in its Various, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Directions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cookery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Various
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Branches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Directions for Cookery, in its Various; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.