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Discourses in America
Discourses in America

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Discourses in America is here in full — 452 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Not to the born naturalist, I admit.
But what do we mean by a born naturalist?
We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.
Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.
I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Discourses in America

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Discourses in America is here in full — 452 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Not to the born naturalist, I admit.
/nɑːt tuː ðə bɔːrn ˈnætʃərələst aɪ ədˈmɪt/
Line 2
But what do we mean by a born naturalist?
/bʌt wʌt duː wiː miːn baɪ ə bɔːrn ˈnætʃərələst/
Line 3
We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.
/wiː miːn ə mæn ɪn huːm ðə ziːl fɔːr əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ ˈneɪtʃər ɪz soʊ ˌʌnˈkɑːmənli strɔːŋ ənd ˈemənənt ðæt ɪt mɑːrks hɪm ɔːf frʌm ðə bʌlk ʌv ˈmænˈkaɪnd/
Line 4
Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.
/sʌtʃ ə mæn wɪl pæs hɪz laɪf ˈhæpəli ɪn kəˈlektɪŋ ˈnætʃərəl ˈnɑːlədʒ ənd ˈriːzənɪŋ əˈpɑːn ɪt ənd wɪl æsk fɔːr ˈnʌθɪŋ ɔːr ˈhɑːrdli ˈeniθɪŋ mɔːr/
Line 5
I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bulk noun US /bʌlk/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading “We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.”

collecting noun US /kəˈlektɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading “Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.”

Darwin noun US /ˈdɑːrwɪn/

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

From this reading “I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.”

eminent adjective US /ˈemənənt/

standing above others in quality or position

From this reading “We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.”

naturalist noun US /ˈnætʃərələst/

an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading “Not to the born naturalist, I admit.”

reasoning noun US /ˈriːzənɪŋ/

thinking that is coherent and logical

From this reading “Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.”

uncommonly adverb US /ˌʌnˈkɑːmənli/

exceptionally

From this reading “We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.”

zeal noun US /ziːl/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading “We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

domestic affections adjective + noun counted as “domestic affection”

In this reading “I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.”

of mankind preposition + noun

In this reading “We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.”

once owned adverb + adjective

In this reading “I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.”

two things noun + noun

In this reading “I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.”

mean by verb + particle

In this reading “But what do we mean by a born naturalist?”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But what do we mean by a born naturalist?

admirableadjectiveUS /ˈædmərəbəl/

deserving of the highest esteem or admiration

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading Not to the born naturalist, I admit.

affectionsnounUS /əˈfekʃənz/

plural of “affection” — a positive feeling of liking

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Not to the born naturalist, I admit.

bulknounUS /bʌlk/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But what do we mean by a born naturalist?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But what do we mean by a born naturalist?

collectingnounUS /kəˈlektɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

DarwinnounUS /ˈdɑːrwɪn/

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading But what do we mean by a born naturalist?

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

eminentadjectiveUS /ˈemənənt/

standing above others in quality or position

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

happilyadverbUS /ˈhæpəli/

in a joyous manner

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Not to the born naturalist, I admit.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading But what do we mean by a born naturalist?

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

naturalistnounUS /ˈnætʃərələst/

an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading Not to the born naturalist, I admit.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not to the born naturalist, I admit.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

observingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

ownedadjectiveUS /oʊnd/

having an owner; often used in combination

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

reasoningnounUS /ˈriːzənɪŋ/

thinking that is coherent and logical

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

sagaciousadjective

acutely insightful and wise

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Not to the born naturalist, I admit.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Not to the born naturalist, I admit.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

uncommonlyadverbUS /ˌʌnˈkɑːmənli/

exceptionally

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading But what do we mean by a born naturalist?

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But what do we mean by a born naturalist?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I have heard it said that the sagacious and admirable naturalist whom we lost not very long ago, Mr. Darwin, once owned to a friend that for his part he did not experience the necessity for two things which most men find so necessary to them,—religion and poetry; science and the domestic affections, he thought, were enough.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Such a man will pass his life happily in collecting natural knowledge and reasoning upon it, and will ask for nothing, or hardly anything, more.

zealnounUS /ziːl/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading We mean a man in whom the zeal for observing nature is so uncommonly strong and eminent, that it marks him off from the bulk of mankind.

Chapter 2 of Discourses in America by Matthew Arnold holds 452 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Discourses in America contain?

Chapter 2 holds 452 sentences of Discourses in America, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Discourses in America by Matthew Arnold exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 452 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Discourses in America?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Discourses in America

Common questions about reading Discourses in America by Matthew Arnold on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Discourses in America?

Yes. All 923 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44919 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Discourses in America is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44919, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Discourses in America take to read?

About 76 minutes of reading across 185 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Discourses in America section by section

How to work through Discourses in America section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of Discourses in America to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Discourses in America

Words and structures a reader meets early in Discourses in America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marked
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.