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Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry
Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.
And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his countryat least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.
This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.
One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.
The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.
/ðʌs aɪ hoʊp maɪ lɔːrd ðæt aɪ hæv meɪd ɡʊd maɪ ˈprɑːməs ənd ˈdʒʌstəfaɪd ðə ˈpoʊət ˌwʌˈtevər bɪˈkʌmz ʌv ðə fɔːls naɪt/
Line 2
And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his countryat least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.
Line 3
This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.
Line 4
One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.
Line 5
The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.
/ðə ɡɑːd suːn faʊnd ðæt hiː wɑːz nɑːt ˈeɪbəl tuː dɪˈfend hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt baɪ ˈriːzən fɔːr ðə keɪs wɑːz klɪr hiː ˈðerfɔːr ɡeɪv ðɪs ˈmɪdəl ˈsentəns ðæt ˈeniθɪŋ maɪt biː əˈlaʊd tuː hɪz sʌn ˈvɜːrdʒəl ɑːn ðə əˈkaʊnt ʌv hɪz ˈʌðər ˈmerəts ðæt ˈbiːɪŋ ə ˈmɑːnɑːrk hiː hæd ə dɪˈspensɪŋ ˈpaʊər ənd ˈpɑːrdənd hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anachronism noun US /əˈnækrənɪzəm/

something located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred

From this reading “This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.”

Carthage noun US /ˈkɑːrθədʒ/

an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697

From this reading “This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.”

contemporaries noun US /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.”

Dido noun US /ˈdaɪdoʊ/

(Roman mythology) a princess of Tyre who was the founder and queen of Carthage; Virgil tells of her suicide when she was abandoned by Aeneas

From this reading “This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.”

dispensing verb US /dɪˈspensɪŋ/

-ing form of “dispense” — administer or bestow, as in small portions

From this reading “The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.”

imitates verb US /ˈɪməteɪts/

third-person singular of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading “One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.”

pardoned verb US /ˈpɑːrdənd/

past form of “pardon” — accept an excuse for

From this reading “The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.”

Virgil noun US /ˈvɜːrdʒəl/

a Roman poet; author of the epic poem “Aeneid” (70-19 BC)

From this reading “One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

accusednounUS /əˈkjuːzd/

a defendant in a criminal proceeding

From this reading One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

ambassadornounUS /æmˈbæsədər/

a diplomat of the highest rank; accredited as representative from one country to another

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

anachronismnounUS /əˈnækrənɪzəm/

something located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

ApollonounUS /əˈpɑːloʊ/

(Greek mythology) Greek god of light; god of prophecy and poetry and music and healing; son of Zeus and Leto; twin brother of Artemis

From this reading One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

Boccalini

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

CarthagenounUS /ˈkɑːrθədʒ/

an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

contemporariesnounUS /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

defendverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

definedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

DidonounUS /ˈdaɪdoʊ/

(Roman mythology) a princess of Tyre who was the founder and queen of Carthage; Virgil tells of her suicide when she was abandoned by Aeneas

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

dispensingverbUS /dɪˈspensɪŋ/

-ing form of “dispense” — administer or bestow, as in small portions

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

errornounUS /ˈerər/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

favouritenounUS /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

a competitor thought likely to win

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

godnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

imitatesverbUS /ˈɪməteɪts/

third-person singular of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

justifiedadjectiveUS /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪd/

having words so spaced that lines have straight even margins

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

leadsnounUS /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

meritsnounUS /ˈmerəts/

plural of “merit” — any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

monarchnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrk/

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

pardonedverbUS /ˈpɑːrdənd/

past form of “pardon” — accept an excuse for

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

privilegedadjectiveUS /ˈprɪvlədʒd/

blessed with privileges

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

promiseverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The god soon found that he was not able to defend his favourite by reason, for the case was clear; he therefore gave this middle sentence: that anything might be allowed to his son Virgil on the account of his other merits; that, being a monarch, he had a dispensing power, and pardoned him.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

VirgilnounUS /ˈvɜːrdʒəl/

a Roman poet; author of the epic poem “Aeneid” (70-19 BC)

From this reading One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Thus I hope, my lord, that I have made good my promise, and justified the poet, whatever becomes of the false knight.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading One who imitates Boccalini says that Virgil was accused before Apollo for this error.

Wotton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And, sure, a poet is as much privileged to lie as an ambassador for the honour and interest of his country—at least, as Sir Henry Wotton has defined.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

Æneas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This naturally leads me to the defence of the famous anachronism in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries, for it is certain that the hero lived almost two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

Chapter 12 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry by John Dryden holds 113 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry contain?

Chapter 12 holds 113 sentences of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry by John Dryden exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 113 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry

Common questions about reading Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry by John Dryden on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry?

Yes. All 1769 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2615 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2615, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry take to read?

About 147 minutes of reading across 354 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry section by section

How to work through Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry

Words and structures a reader meets early in Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cassell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
National
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Discourses
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.