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Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry
Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.
After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.
I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.
But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.
The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.
/əˈpɑːn ðə hoʊl ˈmætər ə ˈpoʊət mʌst fɜːrst biː ˈsɜːrtən ðæt ðə wɜːrd hiː wʊd ˌɪntrəˈduːs ɪz ˈbjuːtəfəl ɪn ðə ˈlætən ənd ɪz tuː kənˈsɪdər ɪn ðə nekst pleɪs ˈweðər ɪt wɪl əˈɡriː wɪð ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈɪdiəm/
Line 2
After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.
/ˈæftər ðɪs hiː ɔːt tuː teɪk ðə əˈpɪnjən ʌv dʒuːˈdɪʃəs frendz sʌtʃ æz ɑːr lɜːrnd ɪn boʊθ ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz ənd ˈlæstli sɪns noʊ mæn ɪz ˌɪnˈfæləbəl let hɪm juːs ðɪs ˈlaɪsəns ˈveri ˈsperɪŋli fɔːr ɪf tuː ˈmeni ˈfɔːrən wɜːrdz ɑːr pɔːrd ɪn əˈpɑːn ʌs ɪt lʊks æz ɪf ðeɪ wɜːr dɪˈzaɪnd nɑːt tuː əˈsɪst ðə ˈneɪtɪvz bʌt tuː ˈkɑːŋkər ðem/
Line 3
I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.
/aɪ æm naʊ ˈdrɔːɪŋ təˈwɔːrdz ə kənˈkluːʒən ənd səˈspekt jɔːr ˈlɔːrdʃɪp ɪz ˈveri ɡlæd ʌv ɪt/
Line 4
But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.
/bʌt pərˈmɪt miː fɜːrst tuː oʊn wʌt helps aɪ hæv hæd ɪn ðɪs ˈʌndərteɪkɪŋ/
Line 5
The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of theÆneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

helps noun US /helps/

plural of “help” — the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading “But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.”

idiom noun US /ˈɪdiəm/

a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language

From this reading “Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.”

infallible adjective US /ˌɪnˈfæləbəl/

incapable of failure or error

From this reading “After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.”

judicious adjective US /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/

marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters

From this reading “After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.”

languages noun US /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading “After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.”

lastly adverb US /ˈlæstli/

the item at the end

From this reading “After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.”

licence noun US /ˈlaɪsəns/

excessive freedom; lack of due restraint

From this reading “After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.”

sparingly adverb US /ˈsperɪŋli/

to a meager degree or in a meager manner

From this reading “After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

agreeverbUS /əˈɡriː/

be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

assistverbUS /əˈsɪst/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

conclusionnounUS /kənˈkluːʒən/

a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.

conquerverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkər/

bring under control by force or authority

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

designedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪnd/

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

helpsnounUS /helps/

plural of “help” — the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.

idiomnounUS /ˈɪdiəm/

a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

infallibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfæləbəl/

incapable of failure or error

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

introduceverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːs/

cause to come to know personally

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

judiciousadjectiveUS /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/

marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

languagesnounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

lastlyadverbUS /ˈlæstli/

the item at the end

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

Lauderdale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

licencenounUS /ˈlaɪsəns/

excessive freedom; lack of due restraint

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

lordshipnounUS /ˈlɔːrdʃɪp/

a title used to address any British peer except a duke and extended to a bishop or a judge

From this reading I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

pouredverbUS /pɔːrd/

past form of “pour” — cause to run

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

sparinglyadverbUS /ˈsperɪŋli/

to a meager degree or in a meager manner

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

suspectverbUS /səˈspekt/

imagine to be the case or true or probable

From this reading I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

undertakingnounUS /ˈʌndərteɪkɪŋ/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But permit me first to own what helps I have had in this undertaking.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading After this he ought to take the opinion of judicious friends, such as are learned in both languages; and lastly, since no man is infallible, let him use this licence very sparingly; for if too many foreign words are poured in upon us, it looks as if they were designed not to assist the natives, but to conquer them.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Upon the whole matter, a poet must first be certain that the word he would introduce is beautiful in the Latin; and is to consider, in the next place, whether it will agree with the English idiom.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I am now drawing towards a conclusion, and suspect your lordship is very glad of it.

Æneis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The late Earl of Lauderdale sent me over his new translation of the “Æneis,” which he had ended before I engaged in the same design.

Chapter 16 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry by John Dryden holds 105 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry contain?

Chapter 16 holds 105 sentences of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry by John Dryden exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 105 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry

Common questions about reading Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry by John Dryden on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry?

Yes. All 1771 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2615 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2615, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry take to read?

About 147 minutes of reading across 355 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry section by section

How to work through Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry

Words and structures a reader meets early in Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cassell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
National
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Discourses
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.