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Don Orsino
Don Orsino

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Don Orsino is here in full — 298 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.
Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.
Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.
The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.
The whole matter can be explained in a few words.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Don Orsino

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Don Orsino is here in full — 298 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.
/ðə reɪdʒ ʌv ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən wɑːz æt ɪts haɪt ɪn roʊm/
Line 2
Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.
/ˈθaʊzəndz pərˈhæps ˈhʌndrədz ʌv ˈθaʊzəndz ʌv ˈpɜːrsənz wɜːr emˈbɑːrkt ɪn ˈentərpraɪzɪz wɪtʃ suːn ˈæftərwərdz ˈendəd ɪn ˈtoʊtəl ˈruːən tuː ðemˈselvz ənd ɪn ˈveri ˈsɪriəs ˈɪndʒəri tuː ˈmeni ʌv ðə ˈstrɔːŋɡəst fəˈnænʃəl ˈbɑːdiz ɪn ðə ˈkʌntri/
Line 3
Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.
/jet ɪt ɪz ə fækt wɜːrθ rəˈkɔːrdɪŋ ðæt ðə ˈdʒenərəl ˈprɪnsəpəl əˈpɑːn wɪtʃ əˈferz wɜːr kənˈdʌktəd wɑːz æn ˈɑːnəst wʌn/
Line 4
The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.
/ðə lænd wɑːz ə fækt ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz pʊt ʌp wɜːr fækts ənd ðer wɑːz ˈæktʃuːəli ə ˈsɜːrtən əˈmaʊnt ʌv ˈkæpətəl ʌv ˈdʒenjəwən ˈredi ˈmʌni ɪn juːs/
Line 5
The whole matter can be explained in a few words.
/ðə hoʊl ˈmætər kæn biː ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪn ə fjuː wɜːrdz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

embarked verb US /emˈbɑːrkt/

past form of “embark” — go on board

From this reading “Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.”

enterprises noun US /ˈentərpraɪzɪz/

plural of “enterprise” — a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading “Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.”

financial adjective US /fəˈnænʃəl/

involving financial matters

From this reading “Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.”

injury noun US /ˈɪndʒəri/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading “Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.”

recording noun US /rəˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

a signal that encodes something (e.g., picture or sound) that has been recorded

From this reading “Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.”

speculation noun US /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən/

a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading “The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.”

strongest adjective US /ˈstrɔːŋɡəst/

superlative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading “Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.”

total verb US /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading “Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The whole matter can be explained in a few words.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The whole matter can be explained in a few words.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

conductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

embarkedverbUS /emˈbɑːrkt/

past form of “embark” — go on board

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

enterprisesnounUS /ˈentərpraɪzɪz/

plural of “enterprise” — a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading The whole matter can be explained in a few words.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The whole matter can be explained in a few words.

financialadjectiveUS /fəˈnænʃəl/

involving financial matters

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

genuineadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenjəwən/

not fake or counterfeit

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.

injurynounUS /ˈɪndʒəri/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading The whole matter can be explained in a few words.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

ragenounUS /reɪdʒ/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

recordingnounUS /rəˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

a signal that encodes something (e.g., picture or sound) that has been recorded

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

speculationnounUS /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən/

a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.

strongestadjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋɡəst/

superlative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

ThousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading The land was a fact, the buildings put up were facts, and there was actually a certain amount of capital, of genuine ready money, in use.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The rage of speculation was at its height in Rome.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of persons were embarked in enterprises which soon afterwards ended in total ruin to themselves and in very serious injury to many of the strongest financial bodies in the country.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The whole matter can be explained in a few words.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading The whole matter can be explained in a few words.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet it is a fact worth recording that the general principle upon which affairs were conducted was an honest one.

Chapter 4 of Don Orsino by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford holds 298 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Don Orsino contain?

Chapter 4 holds 298 sentences of Don Orsino, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Don Orsino by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 298 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Don Orsino?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Don Orsino

Common questions about reading Don Orsino by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Don Orsino?

Yes. All 9794 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13218 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Don Orsino is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13218, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Don Orsino take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1959 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Don Orsino section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Don Orsino

Words and structures a reader meets early in Don Orsino, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Orsino
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Don Orsino; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Saracinesca
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Don Orsino; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Younger
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Don Orsino; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Don Orsino; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.