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Doña Perfecta
Doña Perfecta

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Doña Perfecta is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Doña Perfecta
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
NIGHT Orbajosa slept.
The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.
By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.
Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.
Suddenly the Ave Maria Purisima of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Doña Perfecta

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Doña Perfecta is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NIGHT Orbajosa slept.
Line 2
The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.
Line 3
By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.
Line 4
Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.
Line 5
Suddenly theAve Maria Purisimaof some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

drunkard noun US /ˈdrʌŋkərd/

a chronic drinker

From this reading “Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.”

gamblers noun US /ˈɡæmblərz/

plural of “gambler” — a person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events

From this reading “By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.”

gleams noun US /ɡliːmz/

plural of “gleam” — an appearance of reflected light

From this reading “The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.”

historic adjective US /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/

belonging to the past; of what is important or famous in the past

From this reading “Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.”

shedding noun US /ˈʃedɪŋ/

the process whereby something is shed

From this reading “The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.”

vagabonds noun US /ˈvæɡəbɑːndz/

plural of “vagabond” — anything that resembles a vagabond in having no fixed place

From this reading “By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.”

watchman noun US /ˈwɑːtʃmən/

a guard who keeps watch

From this reading “Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.”

watchmen noun US /ˈwɑːtʃmen/

plural of “watchman” — a guard who keeps watch

From this reading “By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

Ave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

by-ways

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

cloaks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

dimadjectiveUS /dɪm/

lacking in light; not bright or harsh

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

drunkardnounUS /ˈdrʌŋkərd/

a chronic drinker

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

drunkenadjectiveUS /ˈdrʌŋkən/

given to or marked by the consumption of alcohol

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

gamblersnounUS /ˈɡæmblərz/

plural of “gambler” — a person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

gleamsnounUS /ɡliːmz/

plural of “gleam” — an appearance of reflected light

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

glidedverbUS /ˈɡlaɪdɪd/

past form of “glide” — move smoothly and effortlessly

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

historicadjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/

belonging to the past; of what is important or famous in the past

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

hoarseadjectiveUS /hɔːrs/

deep and harsh sounding as if from shouting or illness or emotion

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

MarianounUS /mərˈiːə/

a dark region of considerable extent on the surface of the moon

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

moannounUS /moʊn/

an utterance expressing pain or disapproval

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

NIGHTnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading NIGHT Orbajosa slept.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

Orbajosa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NIGHT Orbajosa slept.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

Purisima

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

serenader

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

sheddingnounUS /ˈʃedɪŋ/

the process whereby something is shed

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

shoutverbUS /ʃaʊt/

utter in a loud voice; talk in a loud voice (usually denoting characteristic manner of speaking)

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

sleptverbUS /slept/

inflected form of “sleep” — be asleep

From this reading NIGHT Orbajosa slept.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading Only the hoarse shout of the drunkard or the song of the serenader broke the peaceful silence of the historic city.

street-corners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

street-lamps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

strugglingadjectiveUS /ˈstrʌɡəlɪŋ/

engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

SuddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

utteredadjectiveUS /ˈʌtərd/

communicated in words

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

vagabondsnounUS /ˈvæɡəbɑːndz/

plural of “vagabond” — anything that resembles a vagabond in having no fixed place

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

watchmannounUS /ˈwɑːtʃmən/

a guard who keeps watch

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

watchmennounUS /ˈwɑːtʃmen/

plural of “watchman” — a guard who keeps watch

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The melancholy street-lamps were shedding their last gleams at street-corners and in by-ways, like tired eyes struggling in vain against sleep.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Suddenly the “Ave Maria Purisima” of some drunken watchman would be heard, like a moan uttered in its sleep by the town.

wrappedadjectiveUS /ræpt/

covered with or as if with clothes or a wrap or cloak

From this reading By their dim light, wrapped in their cloaks, glided past like shadows, vagabonds, watchmen, and gamblers.

Chapter 16 of Doña Perfecta by Benito Pérez Galdós holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Doña Perfecta contain?

Chapter 16 holds 92 sentences of Doña Perfecta, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Doña Perfecta by Benito Pérez Galdós exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Doña Perfecta?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Doña Perfecta

Common questions about reading Doña Perfecta by Benito Pérez Galdós on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Doña Perfecta?

Yes. All 4292 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2462 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Doña Perfecta is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2462, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Doña Perfecta take to read?

About 357 minutes of reading across 859 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Doña Perfecta section by section

How to work through Doña Perfecta section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of Doña Perfecta to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Doña Perfecta

Words and structures a reader meets early in Doña Perfecta, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Villahorrenda
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Doña Perfecta; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Minutes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Doña Perfecta; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Train
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Doña Perfecta; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unnecessary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Doña Perfecta; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.