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Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman
Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
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During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.
Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.
Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.
Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.
He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.
Line 2
Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.
/iːtʃ ˈvɪzɪt wɑːz æn əˈfer ʌv steɪt ənd mʌst biː rəˈsiːvd wɪð duː ˈserəmoʊni/
Line 3
Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.
Line 4
Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.
/bɔːrn tuː ədˈmɪnəstər lɑːrdʒ əˈferz ˈkɜːrnəl klɑːrk ʃoʊd ɪn hɪz ˌpæsəfəˈkeɪʃən ʌv ðə ˌnɔːrˈθwest ˈɪndiənz ə rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl ˈʃruːdnəs ənd ˈnɑːlədʒ ʌv ˈhjuːmən ˈneɪtʃər/
Line 5
He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

administer verb US /ədˈmɪnəstər/

work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of

From this reading “Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.”

belts noun US /belts/

plural of “belt” — endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading “Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.”

consist verb US /kənˈsɪst/

originate

From this reading “Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.”

famed adjective US /feɪmd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading “During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.”

Northwest noun US /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading “Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.”

pacification noun US /ˌpæsəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of appeasing someone or causing someone to be more favorably inclined

From this reading “Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.”

shrewdness noun US /ˈʃruːdnəs/

intelligence manifested by being astute (as in business dealings)

From this reading “Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.”

wampum noun US /ˈwɑːmpəm/

informal terms for money

From this reading “Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human nature adjective + noun

the shared psychological attributes of humankind that are assumed to be shared by all human beings

In this reading “Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.”

far greater adverb + adjective

In this reading “He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.”

greater strength adjective + noun

In this reading “He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.”

During the months preposition + article + noun counted as “during … month”

In this reading “During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.”

in dealing preposition + noun

In this reading “He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

administerverbUS /ədˈmɪnəstər/

work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

affairnounUS /əˈfer/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

alliancenounUS /əˈlaɪəns/

the state of being allied or confederated

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

audiencenounUS /ˈɑːdiəns/

a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.

beltsnounUS /belts/

plural of “belt” — endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

Big-Knives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

body-guard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

BornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

ceremoniouslyadverb

in a ceremonious manner

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

ceremonynounUS /ˈserəmoʊni/

a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

ClarknounUS /klɑːrk/

United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

consistverbUS /kənˈsɪst/

originate

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

dauntlessnessnoun

resolute courageousness

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

dealingnounUS /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

method or manner of conduct in relation to others

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

deputationnoun

a group of representatives or delegates

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

deputations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

Didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

EachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.

exchangedadjectiveUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒd/

changed for (replaced by) something different

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

famedadjectiveUS /feɪmd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

feastnounUS /fiːst/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

Kaskaskia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

NorthwestnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

over-awed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

pacificationnounUS /ˌpæsəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of appeasing someone or causing someone to be more favorably inclined

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

pettyadjectiveUS /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

pipenounUS /paɪp/

a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

presentsnounUS /ˈprezənts/

plural of “present” — the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.

receivingverbUS /rəˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

shrewdnessnounUS /ˈʃruːdnəs/

intelligence manifested by being astute (as in business dealings)

From this reading Born to administer large affairs, Colonel Clark showed in his pacification of the Northwest Indians, a remarkable shrewdness, and knowledge of human nature.

smokedadjectiveUS /smoʊkt/

(used especially of meats and fish) dried and cured by hanging in wood smoke

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

solemnlyadverbUS /ˈsɔːləmli/

in a grave and sedate manner

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

speechesnounUS /ˈspiːtʃəz/

plural of “speech” — the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

sub-tribe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

sueverbUS /suː/

institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

tacticsnounUS /ˈtæktɪks/

the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

tenderadjectiveUS /ˈtendər/

given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading He used much the same tactics as those found so successful in dealing with the French:--he over-awed them by dauntlessness of spirit, and a show of far greater strength than he really possessed.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Each visit was an affair of state, and must be received with due ceremony.

wampumnounUS /ˈwɑːmpəm/

informal terms for money

From this reading Did the deputation consist only of the chief of some petty sub-tribe, and two or three warriors, they must have audience at the fort with Colonel Clark himself, surrounded by an armed body-guard; speeches, presents, and wampum belts must be ceremoniously exchanged, and the peace pipe smoked solemnly, after which Clark must tender them a feast.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

weeklynounUS /ˈwiːkli/

a periodical that is published every week (or 52 issues per year)

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading During the months of August and September, Clark was kept busy receiving the Indian deputations which came weekly to Kaskaskia to sue for peace and alliance, with the famed Big-Knives and his warriors.

Chapter 19 of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman by Willie Walker Caldwell holds 136 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman contain?

Chapter 19 holds 136 sentences of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman by Willie Walker Caldwell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 136 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman

Common questions about reading Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman by Willie Walker Caldwell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman?

Yes. All 3501 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36282 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36282, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman take to read?

About 291 minutes of reading across 701 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman

Words and structures a reader meets early in Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lived
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Earnest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Active
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Donald McElroy, Scotch Irishman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.