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Down South
Down South

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Down South is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Down South
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OUR LIBERAL PASSENGERS.
"Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.
"We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.
"I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.
I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Down South

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Down South is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OUR LIBERAL PASSENGERS.
/ˈaʊər ˈlɪbɜːrəl ˈpæsəndʒərz/
Line 2
"Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.
Line 3
"We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.
Line 4
"I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.
Line 5
I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."
/aɪ ˈsɪmpli æskt juː wer wiː wɜːr ənd juː ɡoʊ bæk ˈoʊvər θriː ˈhʌndrəd jɪrz tuː ˈænsər ðə ˈkwestʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anchored verb US /ˈæŋkərd/

past form of “anchor” — fix firmly and stably

From this reading “"Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.”

Augustine noun US /ˈɑːɡəstiːn/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian church; after a dramatic conversion to Christianity he became bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa; St. Augustine emphasized man's need for grace (354-430)

From this reading “"We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.”

founded verb US /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading “"We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.”

oldest adjective US /ˈoʊldəst/

superlative of “old” — (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading “"We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.”

Owen noun US /ˈoʊən/

Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)

From this reading “"Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.”

pier noun US /pɪr/

a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading “"Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.”

Spaniards noun US /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading “"We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.”

yawn verb US /jɔːn/

utter a yawn, as from lack of oxygen or when one is tired

From this reading “"We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1565

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

affectionateadjectiveUS /əˈfekʃənət/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

Alick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

anchoredverbUS /ˈæŋkərd/

past form of “anchor” — fix firmly and stably

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

AugustinenounUS /ˈɑːɡəstiːn/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian church; after a dramatic conversion to Christianity he became bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa; St. Augustine emphasized man's need for grace (354-430)

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

CutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

decknounUS /dek/

any of various platforms built into a vessel

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

expectverbUS /ɪkˈspekt/

regard something as probable or likely

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

foundedverbUS /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

Garningham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

haven't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

interposed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

LIBERALadjectiveUS /ˈlɪbɜːrəl/

showing or characterized by broad-mindedness

From this reading OUR LIBERAL PASSENGERS.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

oldestadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldəst/

superlative of “old” — (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

OURdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading OUR LIBERAL PASSENGERS.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."

OwennounUS /ˈoʊən/

Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

PASSENGERSnounUS /ˈpæsəndʒərz/

plural of “passenger” — a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading OUR LIBERAL PASSENGERS.

piernounUS /pɪr/

a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

pleaseverbUS /pliːz/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading "Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

yawnverbUS /jɔːn/

utter a yawn, as from lack of oxygen or when one is tired

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----" "Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn.

Chapter 2 of Down South by Oliver Optic holds 105 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Down South contain?

Chapter 2 holds 105 sentences of Down South, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Down South by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 105 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Down South?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Down South

Common questions about reading Down South by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Down South?

Yes. All 3543 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24554 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Down South is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24554, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Down South take to read?

About 295 minutes of reading across 709 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Down South section by section

How to work through Down South section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Down South to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Down South

Words and structures a reader meets early in Down South, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Down South; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Western
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Down South; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Down South; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Down South; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.