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Down the River
Down the River

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Down the River is here in full — 158 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
EMILY GOODRIDGE.
In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.
Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.
I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.
I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Down the River

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Down the River is here in full — 158 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EMILY GOODRIDGE.
Line 2
In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.
Line 3
Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.
Line 4
I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.
Line 5
I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.
/aɪ held ɑːn æt ðə ræft tɪl aɪ hæd rəˈkʌvərd maɪ breθ ənd felt strɔːŋ ɪˈnʌf tuː meɪk əˈnʌðər ˈefərt fɔːr aɪ faʊnd ðæt maɪ oʊn laɪf ənd ðæt ʌv maɪ tʃɑːrdʒ wɜːr tuː dɪˈpend ˈprɪnsɪpli ɑːn maɪ oʊn ɪɡˈzɜːrʃənz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

competent adjective US /ˈkɑːmpətɪnt/

properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient

From this reading “I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.”

consists verb US /kənˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “consist” — originate

From this reading “In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.”

deserts noun US /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading “Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.”

economical adjective US /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪkəl/

using the minimum of time or resources necessary for effectiveness

From this reading “Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.”

exertions noun US /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃənz/

plural of “exertion” — use of physical or mental energy; hard work

From this reading “I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.”

fails verb US /feɪlz/

third-person singular of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading “Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.”

principally adverb US /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading “I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.”

wastes noun US /weɪsts/

plural of “waste” — any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading “I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

adviseverbUS /ædˈvaɪz/

give advice to

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

another's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

competentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmpətɪnt/

properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

consistsverbUS /kənˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “consist” — originate

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

dependverbUS /dɪˈpend/

be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

desertsnounUS /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

economicaladjectiveUS /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪkəl/

using the minimum of time or resources necessary for effectiveness

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

EMILY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EMILY GOODRIDGE.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

exertionsnounUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃənz/

plural of “exertion” — use of physical or mental energy; hard work

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

failsverbUS /feɪlz/

third-person singular of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

fritters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

GOODRIDGE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EMILY GOODRIDGE.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

lessonnounUS /ˈlesən/

a unit of instruction

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

mainlyadverbUS /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

perilnounUS /ˈperəl/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

principallyadverbUS /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

raftnounUS /ræft/

a flat float (usually made of logs or planks) that can be used for transport or as a platform for swimmers

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

recoveredadjectiveUS /rəˈkʌvərd/

freed from illness or injury

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

refrainverbUS /rɪˈfreɪn/

resist doing something

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

stocknounUS /stɑːk/

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

strugglingadjectiveUS /ˈstrʌɡəlɪŋ/

engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

unreasonableadjectiveUS /ənˈriːznəbəl/

not reasonable; not showing good judgment

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

wastesnounUS /weɪsts/

plural of “waste” — any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading In the water, struggling for his own or another's life, a man's stock in trade consists mainly of breath.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I held on at the raft till I had recovered my breath, and felt strong enough to make another effort; for I found that my own life and that of my charge were to depend principally on my own exertions.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

WithoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Without that he can't do much, and generally he fails for the want of it; not when life deserts him, but when he might, by an economical use of it, have been able to save himself.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading I had been in the water enough to learn this lesson, and to be competent to advise all my young friends, in the moment of peril, to refrain from useless and unreasonable struggling, for that wastes the breath, and fritters away the strength.

Chapter 20 of Down the River by Oliver Optic holds 158 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Down the River contain?

Chapter 20 holds 158 sentences of Down the River, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Down the River by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 158 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Down the River?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Down the River

Common questions about reading Down the River by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Down the River?

Yes. All 3858 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24283 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Down the River is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24283, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Down the River take to read?

About 321 minutes of reading across 772 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Down the River section by section

How to work through Down the River section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of Down the River to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Down the River

Words and structures a reader meets early in Down the River, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bradford
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Down the River; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tyrants
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Down the River; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Down the River; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Down the River; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.