Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents
Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents

Chapter XXVII · Chapter 27

Chapter 27 of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents is here in full — 17 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents
Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
COLOGNE, _May_ 28_th_, 1782.
This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.
We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.
Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.
The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents

Chapter XXVII · Chapter 27

Chapter 27 of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents is here in full — 17 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
COLOGNE, _May_ 28_th_, 1782.
Line 2
This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.
/ðɪs ɪz ðə fɜːrst deɪ ʌv ˈsʌmər ðə oʊk liːvz ɪkˈspænd ðə ˈroʊzɪz bloʊ ˈbʌtərflaɪz ɑːr əˈbaʊt ənd aɪ hæv ˈspɪrɪts ɪˈnʌf tuː raɪt tuː juː/
Line 3
We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.
Line 4
Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.
/læst ˈwenzdi wiː wɜːr bɪˈnaɪtɪd ɑːn ə ˈdɪzməl pleɪn əˈperəntli ˈbaʊndləs/
Line 5
The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.
/ðə muːn kæst ə ˈsɪkli ɡliːm ənd naʊ ənd ðen ə bluː ˈmiːtiər ˈɡlaɪdɪd əˈlɔːŋ ðə mərˈæs wɪtʃ leɪ bɪˈfɔːr ʌs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

benighted adjective US /bɪˈnaɪtɪd/

overtaken by night or darkness

From this reading “Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.”

boundless adjective US /ˈbaʊndləs/

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading “Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.”

butterflies noun US /ˈbʌtərflaɪz/

plural of “butterfly” — diurnal insect typically having a slender body with knobbed antennae and broad colorful wings

From this reading “This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.”

cologne noun US /kəˈloʊn/

a commercial center and river port in western Germany on the Rhine River; flourished during the 15th century as a member of the Hanseatic League

From this reading “COLOGNE, _May_ 28_th_, 1782.”

expand verb US /ɪkˈspænd/

extend in one or more directions

From this reading “This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.”

meteor noun US /ˈmiːtiər/

(astronomy) any of the small solid extraterrestrial bodies that hits the earth's atmosphere

From this reading “The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.”

morass noun US /mərˈæs/

a soft wet area of low-lying land that sinks underfoot

From this reading “The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.”

Slough noun US /slʌf/

necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass

From this reading “We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1782

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COLOGNE, _May_ 28_th_, 1782.

28

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COLOGNE, _May_ 28_th_, 1782.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

benightedadjectiveUS /bɪˈnaɪtɪd/

overtaken by night or darkness

From this reading Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

boundlessadjectiveUS /ˈbaʊndləs/

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.

butterfliesnounUS /ˈbʌtərflaɪz/

plural of “butterfly” — diurnal insect typically having a slender body with knobbed antennae and broad colorful wings

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

cloudedadjectiveUS /ˈklaʊdɪd/

made troubled or apprehensive or distressed in appearance

From this reading We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.

COLOGNEnounUS /kəˈloʊn/

a commercial center and river port in western Germany on the Rhine River; flourished during the 15th century as a member of the Hanseatic League

From this reading COLOGNE, _May_ 28_th_, 1782.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

Despondverb

lose confidence or hope; become dejected

From this reading We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.

dismaladjectiveUS /ˈdɪzməl/

causing dejection

From this reading Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

expandverbUS /ɪkˈspænd/

extend in one or more directions

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.

gleamverbUS /ɡliːm/

be shiny, as if wet

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

glidedverbUS /ˈɡlaɪdɪd/

past form of “glide” — move smoothly and effortlessly

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

LastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading COLOGNE, _May_ 28_th_, 1782.

meteornounUS /ˈmiːtiər/

(astronomy) any of the small solid extraterrestrial bodies that hits the earth's atmosphere

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

morassnounUS /mərˈæs/

a soft wet area of low-lying land that sinks underfoot

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.

rosesnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

sicklyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪkli/

unhealthy looking

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

skiesnounUS /skaɪz/

plural of “sky” — the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.

SloughnounUS /slʌf/

necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass

From this reading We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

thnounUS /ˈtiːˈeɪtʃ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading COLOGNE, _May_ 28_th_, 1782.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have had clouded skies this fortnight past, and roads like the Slough of Despond.

WednesdaynounUS /ˈwenzdi/

the fourth day of the week; the third working day

From this reading Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Last Wednesday we were benighted on a dismal plain, apparently boundless.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The moon cast a sickly gleam, and now and then a blue meteor glided along the morass which lay before us.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading This is the first day of summer; the oak leaves expand, the roses blow, butterflies are about, and I have spirits enough to write to you.

Chapter 27 of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents by William Beckford holds 17 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 27 of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents contain?

Chapter 27 holds 17 sentences of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 27 of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents by William Beckford exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 17 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 27 of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 27 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 27 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents

Common questions about reading Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents by William Beckford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents?

Yes. All 2637 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7258 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7258, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents take to read?

About 219 minutes of reading across 528 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents section by section

How to work through Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents

Words and structures a reader meets early in Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Shall
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dreams
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Doing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.