Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Driven Back to Eden
Driven Back to Eden

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Driven Back to Eden is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Driven Back to Eden
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.
Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.
Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.
Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.
The wind had almost died out, and I knew I must make the most of all still days in this gusty month.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Driven Back to Eden

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Driven Back to Eden is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.
/ˈræzberi ˈlesənz ɪt mʌst biː rɪˈmembərd ðæt aɪ hæd spent ɔːl maɪ ˈleʒər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈwɪntər ɪn ˈriːdɪŋ ənd ˈstʌdiɪŋ ðə ˈprɑːbləm ʌv ˈaʊər ˈkʌntri laɪf/
Line 2
Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.
Line 3
Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.
/ənˈtɪl wɪˈðɪn ðə læst tuː ɔːr θriː jɪrz ʌv hɪz laɪf oʊld ˈmɪstər ˈdʒeɪmɪsən hæd əˈtendɪd tuː ðɪs tæsk kwaɪt ˈθɜːroʊli ənd ðʌs ˈlɪtəl wɑːz left fɔːr miː bɪˈɑːnd ˈsɔːɪŋ əˈweɪ ðə baʊz ðæt hæd ˈriːsəntli daɪd ənd ˈkʌtɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈjuːsləs spraʊts ɑːn ðə ˈlɑːrdʒər lɪmz/
Line 4
Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.
/bɪˈfɔːr ˈliːvɪŋ ðə ˈsɪti aɪ hæd prəˈvaɪdɪd ˌmaɪˈself wɪð sʌtʃ tuːlz æz aɪ wɑːz ʃʊr aɪ ʃʊd niːd ənd ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə ˈlædər ˈʌndər ə ʃed aɪ əˈtækt ðə triːz ˈvɪɡərəsli/
Line 5
The wind had almost died out, and I knew I must make the most of all still days in this gusty month.
/ðə waɪnd hæd ˈɔːlmoʊst daɪd aʊt ənd aɪ nuː aɪ mʌst meɪk ðə moʊst ʌv ɔːl stɪl deɪz ɪn ðɪs ˈɡʌsti mʌnθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

gusty adjective US /ˈɡʌsti/

blowing in puffs or short intermittent blasts

From this reading “The wind had almost died out, and I knew I must make the most of all still days in this gusty month.”

Jamison noun US /ˈdʒeɪmɪsən/

United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1944)

From this reading “Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.”

pruning noun US /ˈpruːnɪŋ/

something that has been pruned off of a plant

From this reading “Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.”

raspberry noun US /ˈræzberi/

woody brambles bearing usually red but sometimes black or yellow fruits that separate from the receptacle when ripe and are rounder and smaller than blackberries

From this reading “RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.”

sawing verb US /ˈsɔːɪŋ/

-ing form of “saw” — cut with a saw

From this reading “Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.”

sprouts noun US /spraʊts/

plural of “sprout” — any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud

From this reading “Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.”

tools noun US /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading “Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.”

vigorously adverb US /ˈvɪɡərəsli/

with vigor; in a vigorous manner

From this reading “Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The wind had almost died out, and I knew I must make the most of all still days in this gusty month.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

boughsnounUS /baʊz/

plural of “bough” — any of the larger branches of a tree

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

correctverbUS /kərˈekt/

make right or correct

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The wind had almost died out, and I knew I must make the most of all still days in this gusty month.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

gustyadjectiveUS /ˈɡʌsti/

blowing in puffs or short intermittent blasts

From this reading The wind had almost died out, and I knew I must make the most of all still days in this gusty month.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

JamisonnounUS /ˈdʒeɪmɪsən/

United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1944)

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

laddernounUS /ˈlædər/

steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

LESSONSnounUS /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

limbsnounUS /lɪmz/

plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The wind had almost died out, and I knew I must make the most of all still days in this gusty month.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The wind had almost died out, and I knew I must make the most of all still days in this gusty month.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

pruningnounUS /ˈpruːnɪŋ/

something that has been pruned off of a plant

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

RASPBERRYnounUS /ˈræzberi/

woody brambles bearing usually red but sometimes black or yellow fruits that separate from the receptacle when ripe and are rounder and smaller than blackberries

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

sawingverbUS /ˈsɔːɪŋ/

-ing form of “saw” — cut with a saw

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

shedverbUS /ʃed/

get rid of

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

sproutsnounUS /spraʊts/

plural of “sprout” — any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The wind had almost died out, and I knew I must make the most of all still days in this gusty month.

studyingnounUS /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

toolsnounUS /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

UntilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

vigorouslyadverbUS /ˈvɪɡərəsli/

with vigor; in a vigorous manner

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The wind had almost died out, and I knew I must make the most of all still days in this gusty month.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading RASPBERRY LESSONS It must be remembered that I had spent all my leisure during the winter in reading and studying the problem of our country life.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Before leaving the city I had provided myself with such tools as I was sure I should need; and finding a ladder under a shed, I attacked the trees vigorously.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Therefore I knew that March was the best month for pruning trees, and I had gained a fairly correct idea how to do this work.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Until within the last two or three years of his life, old Mr. Jamison had attended to this task quite thoroughly; and thus little was left for me beyond sawing away the boughs that had recently died, and cutting out the useless sprouts on the larger limbs.

Chapter 18 of Driven Back to Eden by Edward Payson Roe holds 94 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Driven Back to Eden contain?

Chapter 18 holds 94 sentences of Driven Back to Eden, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Driven Back to Eden by Edward Payson Roe exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 94 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Driven Back to Eden?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Driven Back to Eden

Common questions about reading Driven Back to Eden by Edward Payson Roe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Driven Back to Eden?

Yes. All 3236 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5269 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Driven Back to Eden is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5269, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Driven Back to Eden take to read?

About 269 minutes of reading across 648 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Driven Back to Eden section by section

How to work through Driven Back to Eden section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Driven Back to Eden to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Driven Back to Eden

Words and structures a reader meets early in Driven Back to Eden, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Pondered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Driven Back to Eden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Deeply
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Driven Back to Eden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Driven Back to Eden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Winnie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Driven Back to Eden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.