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Dross
Dross

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Dross is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."
If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.
Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.
The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.
I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Dross

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Dross is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."
Line 2
If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.
Line 3
Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.
Line 4
The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.
Line 5
I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.
/aɪ wɑːz ɡlæd wen ðæt seɪm ˈmɔːrnɪŋ dɔːnd fɔːr maɪ kaɪnd oʊld ˈpeɪtrən siːmd ənˈhɪndʒd baɪ ðiːz ɪˈvents ənd kʊd nɑːt kiːp əˈweɪ frʌm ðə əˈpɑːrtmənt wer ðə ˈbærən leɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attache noun US /ˌætəˈʃeɪ/

a specialist assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission

From this reading “Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."”

decease noun US /dɪˈsiːs/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading “Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.”

fitness noun US /ˈfɪtnəs/

the quality of being suitable

From this reading “Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.”

mourn verb US /mɔːrn/

feel sadness

From this reading “Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.”

nonchalantly adverb US /ˈnɑːnʃəˈlɑːntli/

in a composed and unconcerned manner

From this reading “If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.”

nous noun US /nuːs/

common sense

From this reading “Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."”

unhinged adjective US /ənˈhɪndʒd/

affected with madness or insanity

From this reading “I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.”

wreaths noun US /riːθs/

plural of “wreath” — flower arrangement consisting of a circular band of foliage or flowers for ornamental purposes

From this reading “Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

amis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

apartmentnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

astiradjective

out of bed

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

attachenounUS /ˌætəˈʃeɪ/

a specialist assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

BaronnounUS /ˈbærən/

a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

censers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

cherub-faced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

coffinnounUS /ˈkɔːfɪn/

box in which a corpse is buried or cremated

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

consolatoryadjective

affording comfort or solace

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

dans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

daylightnounUS /ˈdeɪlaɪt/

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

deceasenounUS /dɪˈsiːs/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

despatched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

eux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

faut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

feathersnounUS /ˈfeðərz/

plural of “feather” — the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

fitnessnounUS /ˈfɪtnəs/

the quality of being suitable

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

Giraud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

griefnounUS /ɡriːf/

intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

growledverbUS /ɡraʊld/

past form of “growl” — to utter or emit low dull rumbling sounds

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

IlnounUS /ɪl/

a midwestern state in north-central United States

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

lanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

mournverbUS /mɔːrn/

feel sadness

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

nenounUS /niː/

a colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

nonchalantlyadverbUS /ˈnɑːnʃəˈlɑːntli/

in a composed and unconcerned manner

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

nousnounUS /nuːs/

common sense

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

owedverbUS /oʊd/

past form of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

patronnounUS /ˈpeɪtrən/

a regular customer

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

priestsnounUS /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

que

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

qui

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

regarder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

RuinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

ses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

seule

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

singularadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

unusual or striking

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

swungverbUS /swʌŋ/

inflected form of “swing” — move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

tinnounUS /tɪn/

a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

unhingedadjectiveUS /ənˈhɪndʒd/

affected with madness or insanity

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

vertunoun

love of or taste for fine objects of art

From this reading Ruin "Il ne faut regarder dans ses amis que la seule vertu qui nous attache a eux."

Vicomte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Vicomte had been early astir that morning; indeed, I heard him moving before daylight in the room where the coffin was.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I was glad when that same morning dawned, for my kind old patron seemed unhinged by these events, and could not keep away from the apartment where the Baron lay.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading If the Baron Giraud was unable in the nature of human affairs to take his wealth with him, it accompanied him, at all events, to the grave, where feathers made a fine show of grief, where priests growled consolatory words, and cherub-faced boys swung themselves and censers nonchalantly along.

wreathsnounUS /riːθs/

plural of “wreath” — flower arrangement consisting of a circular band of foliage or flowers for ornamental purposes

From this reading Some who owed their wealth to Giraud sent their empty carriages to mourn his decease; others, with a singular sense of fitness, despatched wreaths of tin flowers to be laid upon his grave.

Chapter 11 of Dross by Henry Seton Merriman holds 145 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Dross contain?

Chapter 11 holds 145 sentences of Dross, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Dross by Henry Seton Merriman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 145 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Dross?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Dross

Common questions about reading Dross by Henry Seton Merriman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Dross?

Yes. All 3930 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20243 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Dross is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #20243, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Dross take to read?

About 327 minutes of reading across 786 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Dross section by section

How to work through Dross section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Dross to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Dross

Words and structures a reader meets early in Dross, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Destinee
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dross; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Manieres
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dross; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Briser
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dross; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Refusant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Dross; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.