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Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy
Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy is here in full — 430 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.
For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.
Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.
As we climb, the vegetation becomes stunted, and the thermometer drops still lower.
At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy is here in full — 430 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.
/ɪf wiː klaɪm ə ˈmaʊntən ɪn ˈmeksəkoʊ wiː liːv ðə ˈsʌltri ˈvæli wer ðə hiːt ɪz ˈɔːlmoʊst ənˈberəbəl ənd ˈveri suːn ˈnoʊtəs ə tʃeɪndʒ/
Line 2
For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.
/fɔːr ˈevəri θriː ˈhʌndrəd fiːt ʌv ˈæltətuːd wiː ɡeɪn ðer ɪz ə fɔːl ʌv wʌn dɪˈɡriː ɪn ðə ˈtemprətʃər/
Line 3
Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.
/bɪˈfɔːr wiː ɑːr hæf weɪ ʌp ðə sloʊp wiː hæv left bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈtrɑːpɪkəl ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃən ənd kʌm ˈɪntuː ə ˈtemprət zoʊn wer ðə plænts ɑːr ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈdɪfərənt frʌm ðoʊz ɪn ðə ˈloʊər ˈvæli/
Line 4
As we climb, the vegetation becomes stunted, and the thermometer drops still lower.
/æz wiː klaɪm ðə ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃən bɪˈkʌmz ˈstʌntɪd ənd ðə θərˈmɑːmətər drɑːps stɪl ˈloʊər/
Line 5
At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.
/æt læst wiː kʌm tuː ðə ˈriːdʒən ʌv pərˈpetʃuːəl snoʊ wer ðə ˈklaɪmət ɪz laɪk ðæt ʌv ðə ˈfroʊzən nɔːrθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

altitude noun US /ˈæltətuːd/

elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface

From this reading “For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.”

stunted adjective US /ˈstʌntɪd/

inferior in size or quality

From this reading “As we climb, the vegetation becomes stunted, and the thermometer drops still lower.”

sultry adjective US /ˈsʌltri/

sexually exciting or gratifying

From this reading “If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.”

temperate adjective US /ˈtemprət/

(of weather or climate) free from extremes; mild; or characteristic of such weather or climate

From this reading “Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.”

thermometer noun US /θərˈmɑːmətər/

measuring instrument for measuring temperature

From this reading “As we climb, the vegetation becomes stunted, and the thermometer drops still lower.”

tropical adjective US /ˈtrɑːpɪkəl/

relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)

From this reading “Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.”

unbearable adjective US /ənˈberəbəl/

incapable of being tolerated or endured

From this reading “If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.”

zone noun US /zoʊn/

a locally circumscribed place characterized by some distinctive features

From this reading “Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

temperate zone adjective + noun

the part of the Earth's surface between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer or between the Antarctic Circle and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by temperate climate

In this reading “Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.”

almost unbearable adverb + adjective

In this reading “If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.”

entirely different adverb + adjective

In this reading “Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.”

three hundred noun + noun

being one hundred more than two hundred

In this reading “For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.”

perpetual snow adjective + noun

In this reading “At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.”

hundred feet noun + noun counted as “hundred foot”

In this reading “For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.”

climb a mountain verb + article + noun counted as “climb … mountain”

In this reading “If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.”

lower valley verb + noun

In this reading “Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

altitudenounUS /ˈæltətuːd/

elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As we climb, the vegetation becomes stunted, and the thermometer drops still lower.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading As we climb, the vegetation becomes stunted, and the thermometer drops still lower.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

climatenounUS /ˈklaɪmət/

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

climbverbUS /klaɪm/

go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

dropsnounUS /drɑːps/

plural of “drop” — a shape that is spherical and small

From this reading As we climb, the vegetation becomes stunted, and the thermometer drops still lower.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

frozenadjectiveUS /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

perpetualadjectiveUS /pərˈpetʃuːəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

plantsnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading As we climb, the vegetation becomes stunted, and the thermometer drops still lower.

stuntedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌntɪd/

inferior in size or quality

From this reading As we climb, the vegetation becomes stunted, and the thermometer drops still lower.

sultryadjectiveUS /ˈsʌltri/

sexually exciting or gratifying

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

temperateadjectiveUS /ˈtemprət/

(of weather or climate) free from extremes; mild; or characteristic of such weather or climate

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

temperaturenounUS /ˈtemprətʃər/

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

thermometernounUS /θərˈmɑːmətər/

measuring instrument for measuring temperature

From this reading As we climb, the vegetation becomes stunted, and the thermometer drops still lower.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading For every three hundred feet of altitude we gain there is a fall of one degree in the temperature.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At last we come to the region of perpetual snow, where the climate is like that of the frozen north.

tropicaladjectiveUS /ˈtrɑːpɪkəl/

relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

unbearableadjectiveUS /ənˈberəbəl/

incapable of being tolerated or endured

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

vegetationnounUS /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃən/

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading If we climb a mountain in Mexico, we leave the sultry valley, where the heat is almost unbearable, and very soon notice a change.

zonenounUS /zoʊn/

a locally circumscribed place characterized by some distinctive features

From this reading Before we are half way up the slope we have left behind the tropical vegetation, and come into a temperate zone, where the plants are entirely different from those in the lower valley.

Chapter 2 of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy by Julia Ellen Rogers holds 430 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy contain?

Chapter 2 holds 430 sentences of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy by Julia Ellen Rogers exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 430 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy

Common questions about reading Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy by Julia Ellen Rogers on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy?

Yes. All 2946 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32598 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32598, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy take to read?

About 245 minutes of reading across 590 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.