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Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon
Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.
In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.
A few years necessarily made a vast change in everything.
All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.
I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.
Line 2
In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.
Line 3
A few years necessarily made a vast change in everything.
/ə fjuː jɪrz ˌnesəˈserəli meɪd ə væst tʃeɪndʒ ɪn ˈevriθɪŋ/
Line 4
All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.
/ɔːl kaɪndz ʌv ɪkˈsperəmənts hæd bɪn meɪd ənd ðoʊz wɪtʃ səkˈsiːdɪd wɜːr ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪrd ɪn/
Line 5
I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.
/aɪ dɪˈskʌvərd ðæt ˈeksələnt bɪr maɪt biː meɪd æt ðɪs ˌeləˈveɪʃən sɪks ˈθaʊzənd tuː ˈhʌndrəd fiːt ənd aɪ əˈkɔːrdɪŋli ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə smɔːl ˈbruːəri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Aqueducts noun US /ˈækwədʌkts/

plural of “aqueduct” — a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley

From this reading “Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.”

brewery noun US /ˈbruːəri/

a plant where beer is brewed by fermentation

From this reading “I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.”

Highlands noun US /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading “Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.”

Irrigation noun US /ˌɪrəˈɡeɪʃən/

supplying dry land with water by means of ditches etc

From this reading “Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.”

persevered verb US /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪrd/

past form of “persevere” — be persistent, refuse to stop

From this reading “All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.”

Rubies noun US /ˈruːbiz/

plural of “ruby” — a transparent piece of ruby that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem

From this reading “Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.”

shrubs noun US /ʃrʌbz/

plural of “shrub” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading “In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.”

Vestiges noun US /ˈvestɪdʒɪz/

plural of “vestige” — an indication that something has been present

From this reading “Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

accordinglyadverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.

AncientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

AqueductsnounUS /ˈækwədʌkts/

plural of “aqueduct” — a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

attendancenounUS /əˈtendəns/

the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.

beernounUS /bɪr/

a general name for alcoholic beverages made by fermenting a cereal (or mixture of cereals) flavored with hops

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

Blacksmiths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

brewerynounUS /ˈbruːəri/

a plant where beer is brewed by fermentation

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

ChangeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

climatenounUS /ˈklaɪmət/

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

CompletedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

DiscoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

elevationnounUS /ˌeləˈveɪʃən/

the event of something being raised upward

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

Ellia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading A few years necessarily made a vast change in everything.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

experimentsnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənts/

plural of “experiment” — the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.

FacenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A few years necessarily made a vast change in everything.

FormeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

Gold-Mineral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.

HighlandsnounUS /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

ImportancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

IrrigationnounUS /ˌɪrəˈɡeɪʃən/

supplying dry land with water by means of ditches etc

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading A few years necessarily made a vast change in everything.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

MethodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

Mountain-top

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

NativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading A few years necessarily made a vast change in everything.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

Newera

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

Ophir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

OriginaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

Ouva

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

PathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

perseveredverbUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪrd/

past form of “persevere” — be persistent, refuse to stop

From this reading All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.

plantsnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

PopulationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

PrincesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəz/

plural of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

rapiditynounUS /rəˈpɪdəti/

a rate that is rapid

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

RemainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

ResourcesnounUS /ˈriːsɔːrsɪz/

plural of “resource” — available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

RubiesnounUS /ˈruːbiz/

plural of “ruby” — a transparent piece of ruby that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

settlementnounUS /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

shrubsnounUS /ʃrʌbz/

plural of “shrub” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.

TasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.

ThousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I discovered that excellent beer might be made at this elevation (six thousand two hundred feet), and I accordingly established a small brewery.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

ValenounUS /veɪl/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading A few years necessarily made a vast change in everything.

VestigesnounUS /ˈvestɪdʒɪz/

plural of “vestige” — an indication that something has been present

From this reading Task Completed--The Mountain-top--Change in the Face of Nature--Original Importance of Newera Ellia--"The Path of a Thousand Princes"--Vestiges of Former Population--Mountains--The Highlands of Ouva--Ancient Methods of Irrigation--Remains of Aqueducts--The Vale of Rubies--Ancient Ophir--Discovery of Gold-Mineral Resources--Native Blacksmiths.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading All kinds of experiments had been made, and those which succeeded were persevered in.

wildernessnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

year'snounUS /jɪrz/

possessive form of “year” — a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In a climate like that of Newera Ellia, even twelve months make a great change in the appearance of a new settlement; plants and shrubs spring up with wonderful rapidity, and a garden of one year's growth, without attendance, would be a wilderness.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading A few years necessarily made a vast change in everything.

Chapter 3 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon by Samuel White, Sir Baker holds 180 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon contain?

Chapter 3 holds 180 sentences of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon by Samuel White, Sir Baker exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 180 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon

Common questions about reading Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon by Samuel White, Sir Baker on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon?

Yes. All 3117 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2036 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2036, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon take to read?

About 259 minutes of reading across 624 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon

Words and structures a reader meets early in Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Colombo--dullness
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Town--cinnamon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Garden--a
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cingalese
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.