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Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon
Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.
How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.
The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.
"Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.
An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.
Line 2
How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.
Line 3
The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.
Line 4
"Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.
Line 5
An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Dung noun US /dʌŋ/

fecal matter of animals

From this reading “Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.”

emanate verb US /ˈeməneɪt/

proceed or issue forth, as from a source

From this reading “"Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.”

Leeches noun US /ˈliːtʃɪz/

plural of “leech” — carnivorous or bloodsucking aquatic or terrestrial worms typically having a sucker at each end

From this reading “Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.”

Malaria noun US /məˈleriə/

an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever

From this reading “Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.”

Mina noun US /ˈmiːnə/

tropical Asian starlings

From this reading “Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.”

Naturalist noun US /ˈnætʃərələst/

an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading “Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.”

Spiders noun US /ˈspaɪdərz/

plural of “spider” — predatory arachnid with eight legs, two poison fangs, two feelers, and usually two silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey

From this reading “Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.”

unit noun US /ˈjuːnət/

any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange

From this reading “An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

appreciateverbUS /əˈpriːʃieɪt/

recognize with gratitude; be grateful for

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

beastnounUS /biːst/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

BeetlenounUS /ˈbiːtəl/

insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

bownounUS /baʊ/

a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

busiedverbUS /ˈbɪzid/

inflected form of “busy” — keep busy with

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

CausesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

climatenounUS /ˈklaɪmət/

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

combinedadjectiveUS /kəmˈbaɪnd/

made or joined or united into one

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

creaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

creepingnounUS /ˈkriːpɪŋ/

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

decaynounUS /dɪˈkeɪ/

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

diesnounUS /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

DisappearancenounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns/

the act of leaving secretly or without explanation

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

DiseasesnounUS /dɪˈziːzəz/

plural of “disease” — an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

DogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

DungnounUS /dʌŋ/

fecal matter of animals

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

EffortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

ElephantsnounUS /ˈeləfənts/

plural of “elephant” — five-toed pachyderm

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

emanateverbUS /ˈeməneɪt/

proceed or issue forth, as from a source

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

InfectionnounUS /ˌɪnˈfekʃən/

the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

inhabitantnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənt/

a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

InsectsnounUS /ˈɪnsekts/

plural of “insect” — small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

LeechesnounUS /ˈliːtʃɪz/

plural of “leech” — carnivorous or bloodsucking aquatic or terrestrial worms typically having a sucker at each end

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

LuminousadjectiveUS /ˈluːmənəs/

softly bright or radiant

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

MalarianounUS /məˈleriə/

an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

Mason-fly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

millionsnounUS /ˈmɪljənz/

plural of “million” — the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

MinanounUS /ˈmiːnə/

tropical Asian starlings

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

moisturenounUS /ˈmɔɪstʃər/

wetness caused by water

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

multify

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

myriads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

NaturalistnounUS /ˈnætʃərələst/

an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

ObservationsnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

offspringnounUS /ˈɔːfsprɪŋ/

the immediate descendants of a person

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

oweverbUS /oʊ/

be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

PoisonousadjectiveUS /ˈpɔɪzənəs/

having the qualities or effects of a poison

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

solitaryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləteri/

characterized by or preferring solitude

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

SpidersnounUS /ˈspaɪdərz/

plural of “spider” — predatory arachnid with eight legs, two poison fangs, two feelers, and usually two silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

temperateadjectiveUS /ˈtemprət/

(of weather or climate) free from extremes; mild; or characteristic of such weather or climate

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

TropicaladjectiveUS /ˈtrɑːpɪkəl/

relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

TropicsnounUS /ˈtrɑːpɪks/

the part of the Earth's surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

unitnounUS /ˈjuːnət/

any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

vanishedadjectiveUS /ˈvænɪʃt/

having passed out of existence

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading How little can the inhabitant of a cold or temperate climate appreciate the vast amount of "life" in a tropical country.

vegetationnounUS /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃən/

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading The combined action of light, heat and moisture calls into existence myriads of creeping things, the offspring of the decay of vegetation.

WaternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading An animal dies--a solitary beast--and before his unit life has vanished for one week, bow many millions of living creatures owe their birth to his death?

Well-digging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading "Life" appears to emanate from "death"--the destruction of one material seems to multify the existence of another--the whole surface of the earth seems busied in one vast system of giving birth.

WorriedadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrid/

afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief

From this reading Observations on Nature in the Tropics--The Dung Beetle--The Mason-fly--Spiders--Luminous Insects--Efforts of a Naturalist--Dogs Worried by Leeches--Tropical Diseases--Malaria--Causes of Infection--Disappearance of the "Mina"--Poisonous Water--Well-digging Elephants.

Chapter 8 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon by Samuel White, Sir Baker holds 155 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon contain?

Chapter 8 holds 155 sentences of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon by Samuel White, Sir Baker exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 155 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon by Samuel White, Sir Baker on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 3117 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2036 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #2036, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon take to read?

About 259 minutes of reading across 624 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon

Words and structures a reader meets early in Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Colombo--dullness
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Town--cinnamon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Garden--a
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cingalese
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.