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Eighteen Months' Imprisonment
Eighteen Months' Imprisonment

Chapter XVII · Prison Trades

Chapter XVII of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment, “Prison Trades,” is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fieldssuch as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.
Of these mat-making and laundry-work are considered the hardest.
The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-pickera task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.
A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.
If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Eighteen Months' Imprisonment

Chapter XVII · Prison Trades

Chapter XVII of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment, “Prison Trades,” is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fieldssuch as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.
Line 2
Of these mat-making and laundry-work are considered the hardest.
Line 3
The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-pickera task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.
Line 4
A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.
/ə ɡʊd diːl ʌv ðə ˈkʌmfərt ɔːr ˈʌðərwaɪz wɪð wɪtʃ ðiːz treɪdz ɑːr ˈfɑːloʊd dɪˈpendz ɑːn ðə ˈwɔːrdərz ɪn tʃɑːrdʒ/
Line 5
If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.
/ɪf ðə ˈwɔːrdər ɪz ə bruːt ðə ˈprɪzənərz bɪˈkʌm dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪzd kraɪm ɪz ˈræmpənt ənd rɪˈpɔːrts ənd ˈpʌnɪʃmənt ðə ˈnætʃərəl ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bakers noun US /ˈbeɪkərz/

plural of “baker” — someone who bakes commercially

From this reading “A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.”

bookbinders noun US /ˈbʊkbaɪndərz/

plural of “bookbinder” — a worker whose trade is binding books

From this reading “A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.”

demoralized adjective US /dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪzd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading “If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.”

plumbers noun US /ˈplʌmərz/

plural of “plumber” — a craftsman who installs and repairs pipes and fixtures and appliances

From this reading “A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.”

rampant adjective US /ˈræmpənt/

unrestrained and violent

From this reading “If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.”

shoemakers noun US /ˈʃuːmeɪkərz/

plural of “shoemaker” — a person who makes or repairs shoes

From this reading “A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.”

vocations noun US /voʊˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “vocation” — the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading “The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.”

warders noun US /ˈwɔːrdərz/

plural of “warder” — a person who works in a prison and is in charge of prisoners

From this reading “A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

natural consequence adjective + noun

In this reading “If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.”

infinitely better adverb + adjective

In this reading “The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.”

depends on verb + particle counted as “depend on”

be contingent on

In this reading “A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.”

GREAT variety adjective + noun

In this reading “A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.”

two years noun + noun

In this reading “The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.”

looked upon verb + particle counted as “look upon”

look on as or consider

In this reading “The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.”

deal of verb + particle

In this reading “A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.”

get beyond verb + particle

In this reading “The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

accompanyingadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpəniɪŋ/

occurring with or following as a consequence

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

bakersnounUS /ˈbeɪkərz/

plural of “baker” — someone who bakes commercially

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

basket-makers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

blacksmiths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

bookbindersnounUS /ˈbʊkbaɪndərz/

plural of “bookbinder” — a worker whose trade is binding books

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

brutenounUS /bruːt/

a cruelly rapacious person

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

carpentersnounUS /ˈkɑːrpəntərz/

plural of “carpenter” — a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

Coldbath

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading Of these mat-making and laundry-work are considered the hardest.

crimenounUS /kraɪm/

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

demoralizedadjectiveUS /dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪzd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

dependsverbUS /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

everyonepronounUS /ˈevriwʌn/

every person

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

FieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

glaziers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

GREATadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

hardestadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdəst/

superlative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading Of these mat-making and laundry-work are considered the hardest.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

imprisonmentnounUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

individualsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz/

plural of “individual” — a human being

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

infinitelyadverbUS /ˈɪnfənətli/

without bounds

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

isolationnounUS /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/

a state of separation between persons or groups

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

laundry-work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these mat-making and laundry-work are considered the hardest.

laundrymen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

mat-makers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

mat-making

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these mat-making and laundry-work are considered the hardest.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

needlemen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

oakum-picker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

plumbersnounUS /ˈplʌmərz/

plural of “plumber” — a craftsman who installs and repairs pipes and fixtures and appliances

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

printersnounUS /ˈprɪntərz/

plural of “printer” — someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

privilegedadjectiveUS /ˈprɪvlədʒd/

blessed with privileges

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

rampantadjectiveUS /ˈræmpənt/

unrestrained and violent

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

reportsnounUS /rɪˈpɔːrts/

plural of “report” — a written document describing the findings of some individual or group

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

selectedadjectiveUS /səˈlektɪd/

chosen in preference to another

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

shoemakersnounUS /ˈʃuːmeɪkərz/

plural of “shoemaker” — a person who makes or repairs shoes

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

submitverbUS /səbˈmɪt/

refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

tailorsnounUS /ˈteɪlərz/

plural of “tailor” — a person whose occupation is making and altering garments

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Of these mat-making and laundry-work are considered the hardest.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Of these mat-making and laundry-work are considered the hardest.

tinsmiths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

tradesnounUS /treɪdz/

plural of “trade” — the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

vocationsnounUS /voʊˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “vocation” — the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

wardernounUS /ˈwɔːrdər/

a person who works in a prison and is in charge of prisoners

From this reading If the warder is a brute, the prisoners become demoralized, crime is rampant, and reports and punishment the natural consequence.

wardersnounUS /ˈwɔːrdərz/

plural of “warder” — a person who works in a prison and is in charge of prisoners

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A good deal of the comfort or otherwise with which these trades are followed depends on the warders in charge.

worsted-workers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GREAT variety of trades are represented in Coldbath Fields—such as tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, worsted-workers, laundrymen, bakers, needlemen, basket-makers, mat-makers, printers, bookbinders, carpenters, plumbers, and glaziers.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The men selected for following any of the above vocations are looked upon as privileged individuals, and infinitely better off than the ordinary oakum-picker—a task that everyone has to submit to for one month, although many never get beyond it and its accompanying isolation during the two years of their imprisonment.

Chapter 17 of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment by Donald, late captain Shaw holds 102 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment contain?

Chapter 17 holds 102 sentences of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment by Donald, late captain Shaw exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 102 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Eighteen Months' Imprisonment

Common questions about reading Eighteen Months' Imprisonment by Donald, late captain Shaw on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment?

Yes. All 2377 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44755 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44755, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Eighteen Months' Imprisonment take to read?

About 198 minutes of reading across 476 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Eighteen Months' Imprisonment section by section

How to work through Eighteen Months' Imprisonment section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Eighteen Months' Imprisonment

Words and structures a reader meets early in Eighteen Months' Imprisonment, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ebook
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Transcribed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bowler
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Captain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eighteen Months' Imprisonment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.