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Eighth Reader
Eighth Reader

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Eighth Reader is here in full — 454 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]
EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.
Then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression.
ST.
FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Eighth Reader

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Eighth Reader is here in full — 454 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]
Line 2
EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.
Line 3
Then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression.
/ðen red əˈlaʊd iːtʃ ˈstænzə wɪð ˈfiːlɪŋ ənd ɪkˈspreʃən/
Line 4
ST.
Line 5
FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

actors noun US /ˈæktərz/

plural of “actor” — a theatrical performer

From this reading “EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.”

cherished adjective US /ˈtʃerɪʃt/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

essayist noun US /ˈeseɪɪst/

a writer of literary works

From this reading “[Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]”

gentlest adjective US /ˈdʒentələst/

superlative of “gentle” — soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

Leigh noun US /liː/

English film actress (1913-1967)

From this reading “[Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]”

purity noun US /ˈpjʊrəti/

being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material

From this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

resemble verb US /rɪˈzembəl/

appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

stanza noun US /ˈstænzə/

a fixed number of lines of verse forming a unit of a poem

From this reading “Then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twenty years noun + noun

In this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

read aloud verb + particle

In this reading “Then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression.”

Seven hundred noun + noun

In this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

among the rocks preposition + article + noun counted as “among … rock”

In this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

on earth preposition + noun

used with question words to convey surprise

In this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

lived on verb + particle counted as “live on”

continue to live and avoid dying

In this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

for twenty preposition + noun

In this reading “FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

1784

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

1859

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

7

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

actorsnounUS /ˈæktərz/

plural of “actor” — a theatrical performer

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

aloudadverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

using the voice; not silently

From this reading Then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

Assisi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

cherishedadjectiveUS /ˈtʃerɪʃt/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

essayistnounUS /ˈeseɪɪst/

a writer of literary works

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

EXPRESSIONnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression.

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

FRANCIS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

GENTLEadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

gentlestadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentələst/

superlative of “gentle” — soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

HimpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

holynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

humanitynounUS /hjuːˈmænɪti/

the quality of being humane

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

HuntverbUS /hʌnt/

pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals)

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

LeighnounUS /liː/

English film actress (1913-1967)

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

lovelinessnoun

the quality of being good looking and attractive

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading [Footnote 7: By Leigh Hunt, an English essayist and poet (1784-1859).]

puritynounUS /ˈpjʊrəti/

being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

quaintadjectiveUS /kweɪnt/

strange in an interesting or pleasing way

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

ReadverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

resembleverbUS /rɪˈzembəl/

appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

saintsnounUS /seɪnts/

plural of “saint” — a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

SevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

silentlyadverbUS /ˈsaɪləntli/

without speaking

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

sorrowfuladjectiveUS /ˈsɑːroʊfəl/

experiencing or marked by or expressing sorrow especially that associated with irreparable loss

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

ST

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ST.

stanzanounUS /ˈstænzə/

a fixed number of lines of verse forming a unit of a poem

From this reading Then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

Umbriannoun

an extinct Italic language of ancient southern Italy

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading EXPRESSION: Read this poem silently, trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story: (1) the time; (2) the place; (3) the character of the leading actors.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading FRANCIS, THE GENTLE[8] Seven hundred years ago, Francis the gentlest of the saints was born in Assisi, the quaint Umbrian town among the rocks; and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought, and one desire, and one hope; and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our Master lived on earth, and that in every way he might resemble Him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity.

Chapter 1 of Eighth Reader by James [Editor] Baldwin holds 454 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Eighth Reader contain?

Chapter 1 holds 454 sentences of Eighth Reader, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Eighth Reader by James [Editor] Baldwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 454 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Eighth Reader?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Eighth Reader

Common questions about reading Eighth Reader by James [Editor] Baldwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Eighth Reader?

Yes. All 2111 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30559 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Eighth Reader is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30559, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Eighth Reader take to read?

About 175 minutes of reading across 423 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Eighth Reader section by section

How to work through Eighth Reader section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Eighth Reader to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Eighth Reader

Words and structures a reader meets early in Eighth Reader, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Footnote
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eighth Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Leigh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eighth Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eighth Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Essayist
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eighth Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.