Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
El Toro
El Toro

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of El Toro is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for El Toro
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.
By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.
Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.
In other words, they are children.
But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

El Toro

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of El Toro is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.
Line 2
By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.
/baɪ ɪts ˈveri məˈnɑːtəni ˈhjuːmən ˈneɪtʃər ɪz ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/
Line 3
Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.
/ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈkjuːbənz ɑːr ˈɡaɪlləs fræŋk ˈdʒenərəs miːk ˈdɜːrti ˈwɪlɪŋ ənd ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər səbˈmɪsɪv ənd oʊˈbiːdiənt/
Line 4
In other words, they are children.
/ɪn ˈʌðər wɜːrdz ðeɪ ɑːr ˈtʃɪldrən/
Line 5
But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cheats noun US /tʃiːts/

plural of “cheat” — weedy annual grass often occurs in grainfields and other cultivated land; seeds sometimes considered poisonous

From this reading “But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.”

Cubans noun US /ˈkjuːbənz/

plural of “cuban” — a native or inhabitant of Cuba

From this reading “Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.”

disappointing adjective US /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/

not up to expectations

From this reading “By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.”

guileless adjective US /ˈɡaɪlləs/

free of deceit

From this reading “Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.”

liars noun US /ˈlaɪərz/

plural of “liar” — a person who has lied or who lies repeatedly

From this reading “But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.”

meek adjective US /miːk/

humble in spirit or manner; suggesting retiring mildness or even cowed submissiveness

From this reading “Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.”

monotony noun US /məˈnɑːtəni/

the quality of wearisome constancy, routine, and lack of variety

From this reading “By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.”

submissive adjective US /səbˈmɪsɪv/

inclined or willing to submit to orders or wishes of others or showing such inclination

From this reading “Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human nature adjective + noun

the shared psychological attributes of humankind that are assumed to be shared by all human beings

In this reading “By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.”

other words adjective + noun

In this reading “In other words, they are children.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.

cheatsnounUS /tʃiːts/

plural of “cheat” — weedy annual grass often occurs in grainfields and other cultivated land; seeds sometimes considered poisonous

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading In other words, they are children.

communitynounUS /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

CubansnounUS /ˈkjuːbənz/

plural of “cuban” — a native or inhabitant of Cuba

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

disappointingadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/

not up to expectations

From this reading By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.

double-shade

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

four-flushers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

frankadjectiveUS /fræŋk/

characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

guilelessadjectiveUS /ˈɡaɪlləs/

free of deceit

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In other words, they are children.

InterioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.

liarsnounUS /ˈlaɪərz/

plural of “liar” — a person who has lied or who lies repeatedly

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

Macagua

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

meekadjectiveUS /miːk/

humble in spirit or manner; suggesting retiring mildness or even cowed submissiveness

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

MiltonnounUS /ˈmɪltən/

English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

monotonynounUS /məˈnɑːtəni/

the quality of wearisome constancy, routine, and lack of variety

From this reading By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

obedientadjectiveUS /oʊˈbiːdiənt/

dutifully complying with the commands or instructions of those in authority

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

Oshkosh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In other words, they are children.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

submissiveadjectiveUS /səbˈmɪsɪv/

inclined or willing to submit to orders or wishes of others or showing such inclination

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

sullenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌlən/

showing a brooding ill humor

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In other words, they are children.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading By its very monotony, human nature is disappointing.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading Interior Cubans are guileless, frank, generous, meek, dirty, willing, and altogether submissive and obedient.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _... for now began_ _Night with her sullen wings to double-shade the desert._ —Milton.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading In other words, they are children.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading But a community like Macagua has its four-flushers, its liars, and its cheats, the same as London, New York, and Oshkosh.

Chapter 6 of El Toro by E. Ralph (Edwin Ralph) Estep holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of El Toro contain?

Chapter 6 holds 106 sentences of El Toro, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of El Toro by E. Ralph (Edwin Ralph) Estep exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of El Toro?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading El Toro

Common questions about reading El Toro by E. Ralph (Edwin Ralph) Estep on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of El Toro?

Yes. All 992 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76338 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of El Toro is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76338, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does El Toro take to read?

About 82 minutes of reading across 199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read El Toro section by section

How to work through El Toro section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of El Toro to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in El Toro

Words and structures a reader meets early in El Toro, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mountain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Toro; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Toro; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Toro; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Toro; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.