Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
El Toro
El Toro

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of El Toro is here in full — 75 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for El Toro
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.
Natives of sunburnt islands often are surprising.
There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.
The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.
They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

El Toro

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of El Toro is here in full — 75 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.
Line 2
Natives of sunburnt islands often are surprising.
Line 3
There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.
/ðer ɪz ə taɪp ʌv ˈkjuːbən ˈniːɡroʊ ɔːr ˈkriːoʊl huː ɪz ˈmɑːdəld ˈæftər əˈdɑːnəs ˈmʌsəld laɪk ˈætləs ənd wɪð ðə ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən ʌv ˌwʌˈtevər ded ənd dʌn ɡɑːd ɪt wɑːz huː hæd ðə ˈætrəbjuːts ʌv ə ˈfeɪθfəl ˈnuːfəndlənd dɔːɡ/
Line 4
The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.
/ðə tuː men huːm wiː hæd ˈhaɪərd ðə ˈpriːviəs ˈiːvnɪŋ keɪm bæk tuː help ʌs ɪn ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/
Line 5
They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Adonis noun US /əˈdɑːnəs/

any handsome young man

From this reading “There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.”

Atlas noun US /ˈætləs/

(Greek mythology) a Titan who was forced by Zeus to bear the sky on his shoulders

From this reading “There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.”

creole noun US /ˈkriːoʊl/

a person of European descent born in the West Indies or Latin America

From this reading “There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.”

Cuban adjective US /ˈkjuːbən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Cuba or the people of Cuba

From this reading “There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.”

Iliad noun US /ˈɪliəd/

a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy

From this reading “_One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.”

modeled adjective US /ˈmɑːdəld/

resembling sculpture

From this reading “There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.”

muscled verb US /ˈmʌsəld/

past form of “muscle” — make one's way by force

From this reading “There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.”

Newfoundland noun US /ˈnuːfəndlənd/

a breed of very large heavy dogs with a thick coarse usually black coat; highly intelligent dogs and vigorous swimmers; developed in Newfoundland

From this reading “There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

previous evening adjective + noun

In this reading “The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.”

came back verb + particle counted as “come back”

be restored

In this reading “The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.”

two men noun + noun

In this reading “The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.”

put on verb + particle

put clothing on one's body

In this reading “They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.”

in the morning preposition + article + noun counted as “in … morning”

In this reading “The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.”

in the dark preposition + article + noun counted as “in … dark”

In this reading “They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

AdonisnounUS /əˈdɑːnəs/

any handsome young man

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

AlongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Natives of sunburnt islands often are surprising.

AtlasnounUS /ˈætləs/

(Greek mythology) a Titan who was forced by Zeus to bear the sky on his shoulders

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

attributesnounUS /ˈætrəbjuːts/

plural of “attribute” — a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

awakenedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪkənd/

aroused or activated

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

creolenounUS /ˈkriːoʊl/

a person of European descent born in the West Indies or Latin America

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

CubanadjectiveUS /ˈkjuːbən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Cuba or the people of Cuba

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

dognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

drearadjective

causing dejection

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

faithfuladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪθfəl/

steadfast in affection or allegiance

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

foamnounUS /foʊm/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

hiredadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪərd/

having services engaged for a fee

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

IliadnounUS /ˈɪliəd/

a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

islandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading Natives of sunburnt islands often are surprising.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

journeyingnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrniɪŋ/

the act of traveling from one place to another

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

modeledadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdəld/

resembling sculpture

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

mud-plastered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

muscledverbUS /ˈmʌsəld/

past form of “muscle” — make one's way by force

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

NativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading Natives of sunburnt islands often are surprising.

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

NewfoundlandnounUS /ˈnuːfəndlənd/

a breed of very large heavy dogs with a thick coarse usually black coat; highly intelligent dogs and vigorous swimmers; developed in Newfoundland

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Natives of sunburnt islands often are surprising.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

rushingnounUS /ˈrʌʃɪŋ/

(American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

seesnounUS /siːz/

plural of “see” — the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

shoesnounUS /ʃuːz/

a particular situation

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

sunburntadjective

suffering from overexposure to direct sunlight

From this reading Natives of sunburnt islands often are surprising.

surprisingadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzɪŋ/

causing surprise or wonder or amazement

From this reading Natives of sunburnt islands often are surprising.

swiftlyadverbUS /ˈswɪftli/

in a swift manner

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

tossingverbUS /ˈtɔːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading They were on hand ere we awakened in the dark, wet dawn to put on our mud-plastered shoes and be dressed.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading There is a type of Cuban negro, or creole, who is modeled after Adonis, muscled like Atlas, and with the disposition of whatever dead and done God it was who had the attributes of a faithful Newfoundland dog.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The two men whom we had hired the previous evening came back to help us in the morning.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _One who journeying_ _Along a way he knows not, having crossed_ _A place of drear extent, before him sees_ _A river rushing swiftly toward the deep,_ _And all its tossing current white with foam._ —Iliad.

Chapter 8 of El Toro by E. Ralph (Edwin Ralph) Estep holds 75 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of El Toro contain?

Chapter 8 holds 75 sentences of El Toro, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of El Toro by E. Ralph (Edwin Ralph) Estep exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 75 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of El Toro?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading El Toro

Common questions about reading El Toro by E. Ralph (Edwin Ralph) Estep on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of El Toro?

Yes. All 992 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76338 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of El Toro is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76338, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does El Toro take to read?

About 82 minutes of reading across 199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read El Toro section by section

How to work through El Toro section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of El Toro to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in El Toro

Words and structures a reader meets early in El Toro, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mountain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Toro; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Toro; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Toro; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Toro; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.