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El Verdugo
El Verdugo

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of El Verdugo is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for El Verdugo
Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To Martinez de la Rosa.
The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.
At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.
The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.
The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

El Verdugo

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of El Verdugo is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To Martinez de la Rosa.
Line 2
The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.
Line 3
At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.
Line 4
The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.
/ðə ˈbjuːtəfəl skaɪ ʌv speɪn spred ɪts doʊm ʌv ˈæʒər əˈbʌv hɪz hed/
Line 5
The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

azure noun US /ˈæʒər/

a light shade of blue

From this reading “The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.”

bordered adjective US /ˈbɔːrdərd/

having a border especially of a specified kind; sometimes used as a combining term

From this reading “At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.”

carelessness noun US /ˈkerləsnəs/

the quality of not being careful or taking pains

From this reading “At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.”

comported verb US /kəmˈpɔːrtəd/

past form of “comport” — behave well or properly

From this reading “At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.”

illumined verb US /ˌɪˈluːmənd/

past form of “illumine” — make lighter or brighter

From this reading “The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.”

meditation noun US /ˌmedəˈteɪʃən/

continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature

From this reading “At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.”

parapet noun US /ˈperəpet/

a low wall along the edge of a roof or balcony

From this reading “At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.”

propitious adjective US /prəˈpɪʃəs/

presenting favorable circumstances; likely to result in or show signs of success

From this reading “At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

azurenounUS /ˈæʒər/

a light shade of blue

From this reading The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.

borderedadjectiveUS /ˈbɔːrdərd/

having a border especially of a specified kind; sometimes used as a combining term

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

carelessnessnounUS /ˈkerləsnəs/

the quality of not being careful or taking pains

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

chateaunounUS /ʃæˈtoʊ/

an impressive country house (or castle) in France

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

clocknounUS /klɑːk/

a timepiece that shows the time of day

From this reading The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.

comportedverbUS /kəmˈpɔːrtəd/

past form of “comport” — behave well or properly

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading To Martinez de la Rosa.

deeperadverbUS /ˈdiːpər/

comparative of “deeply” — to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

delightfuladjectiveUS /dɪˈlaɪtfəl/

greatly pleasing or entertaining

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

domenounUS /doʊm/

a concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that the concavity faces downward

From this reading The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

illuminedverbUS /ˌɪˈluːmənd/

past form of “illumine” — make lighter or brighter

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.

lanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading To Martinez de la Rosa.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

leaningadjectiveUS /ˈliːnɪŋ/

departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

light-heartedadjective

carefree and happy and lighthearted

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

Martinez

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To Martinez de la Rosa.

meditationnounUS /ˌmedəˈteɪʃən/

continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

Menda

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

parapetnounUS /ˈperəpet/

a low wall along the edge of a roof or balcony

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

propitiousadjectiveUS /prəˈpɪʃəs/

presenting favorable circumstances; likely to result in or show signs of success

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

RosanounUS /ˈroʊzə/

large genus of erect or climbing prickly shrubs including roses

From this reading To Martinez de la Rosa.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

scintillationnoun

(physics) a flash of light that is produced in a phosphor when it absorbs a photon or ionizing particle

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading The beautiful sky of Spain spread its dome of azure above his head.

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.

terracenounUS /ˈterəs/

usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To Martinez de la Rosa.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The clock of the little town of Menda had just struck midnight.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The scintillation of the stars and the soft light of the moon illumined the delightful valley that lay at his feet.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading At that moment a young French officer, leaning on the parapet of a long terrace which bordered the gardens of the chateau de Menda, seemed buried in thoughts that were deeper than comported with the light-hearted carelessness of military life; though it must be said that never were hour, scene, or night more propitious for meditation.

Chapter 1 of El Verdugo by Honoré de Balzac holds 211 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of El Verdugo contain?

Chapter 1 holds 211 sentences of El Verdugo, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of El Verdugo by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 211 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of El Verdugo?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading El Verdugo

Common questions about reading El Verdugo by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of El Verdugo?

Yes. All 211 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1425 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of El Verdugo is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1425, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does El Verdugo take to read?

About 17 minutes of reading across 43 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read El Verdugo section by section

How to work through El Verdugo section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of El Verdugo to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in El Verdugo

Words and structures a reader meets early in El Verdugo, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Martinez
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Verdugo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Verdugo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Verdugo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Menda
A word that appears in the opening chapter of El Verdugo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.