Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Electricity for Boys
Electricity for Boys

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Electricity for Boys is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Electricity for Boys
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE TELEGRAPH The telegraph is a very simple instrument.
The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.
The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.
MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.
THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Electricity for Boys

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Electricity for Boys is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE TELEGRAPH The telegraph is a very simple instrument.
/ðə ˈteləɡræf ðə ˈteləɡræf ɪz ə ˈveri ˈsɪmpəl ˈɪnstrəmənt/
Line 2
The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.
/ðə kiː ɪz ˈnʌθɪŋ mɔːr ɔːr les ðæn ə swɪtʃ wɪtʃ tɜːrnz ðə ˈkɜːrənt ɑːn ənd ɔːf ˈɔːltərnətli/
Line 3
The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.
Line 4
MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.
Line 5
THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

circuits noun US /ˈsɜːrkəts/

plural of “circuit” — an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow

From this reading “MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.”

magnets noun US /ˈmæɡnəts/

plural of “magnet” — (physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field

From this reading “The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.”

mechanism noun US /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading “MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.”

receiver noun US /rəˈsiːvər/

set that receives radio or tv signals

From this reading “MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.”

sender noun US /ˈsendər/

someone who transmits a message

From this reading “MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.”

sounder noun US /ˈsaʊndər/

a device for making soundings

From this reading “MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.”

switch verb US /swɪtʃ/

change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence

From this reading “The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.”

three-quarters noun US /ˌθriːˈkwɔːrtərz/

three of four equal parts

From this reading “THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE TELEGRAPH The telegraph is a very simple instrument.

alternatelyadverbUS /ˈɔːltərnətli/

in an alternating sequence or position

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

armaturenoun

coil in which voltage is induced by motion through a magnetic field

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

audibleadjectiveUS /ˈɑːdəbəl/

heard or perceptible by the ear

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

batterynounUS /ˈbætəri/

group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

circuitnounUS /ˈsɜːrkət/

an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

CIRCUITSnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəts/

plural of “circuit” — an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

inchnounUS /ɪntʃ/

a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

inchesnounUS /ˈɪntʃəz/

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

instrumentnounUS /ˈɪnstrəmənt/

a device that requires skill for proper use

From this reading THE TELEGRAPH The telegraph is a very simple instrument.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE TELEGRAPH The telegraph is a very simple instrument.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

keynounUS /kiː/

metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

magnetsnounUS /ˈmæɡnəts/

plural of “magnet” — (physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

MECHANISMnounUS /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

movesnounUS /muːvz/

plural of “move” — the act of deciding to do something

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

non-conductingadjective

not able to conduct heat or electricity or sound

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

receivernounUS /rəˈsiːvər/

set that receives radio or tv signals

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

requiresverbUS /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

sendernounUS /ˈsendər/

someone who transmits a message

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

SENDINGnounUS /ˈsendɪŋ/

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

signalsnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəlz/

plural of “signal” — any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading THE TELEGRAPH The telegraph is a very simple instrument.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

soundernounUS /ˈsaʊndər/

a device for making soundings

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

soundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

suitableadjectiveUS /ˈsuːtəbəl/

meant or adapted for an occasion or use

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

switchverbUS /swɪtʃ/

change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

TELEGRAPHnounUS /ˈteləɡræf/

apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire (usually in Morse code)

From this reading THE TELEGRAPH The telegraph is a very simple instrument.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE TELEGRAPH The telegraph is a very simple instrument.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

three-quartersnounUS /ˌθriːˈkwɔːrtərz/

three of four equal parts

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading MECHANISM IN TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.--A telegraph circuit requires three pieces of mechanism at each station, namely, a key used by the sender, a sounder for the receiver, and a battery.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading THE TELEGRAPH The telegraph is a very simple instrument.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

wiresnounUS /ˈwaɪərz/

plural of “wire” — ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc

From this reading The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sounds made by the armature, as it moves to and from the magnets.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading THE SENDING KEY.--The base of the sending instrument is six inches long, four inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick, made of wood, or any suitable non-conducting material.

Chapter 10 of Electricity for Boys by James Slough Zerbe holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Electricity for Boys contain?

Chapter 10 holds 103 sentences of Electricity for Boys, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Electricity for Boys by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Electricity for Boys?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Electricity for Boys

Common questions about reading Electricity for Boys by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Electricity for Boys?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Electricity for Boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Electricity for Boys take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Electricity for Boys section by section

How to work through Electricity for Boys section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Electricity for Boys to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Electricity for Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Electricity for Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Electricity for Boys, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Electricity for Boys, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Electricity for Boys, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.