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Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier
Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier is here in full — 241 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier
Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
1850-4.
The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.
One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.
The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.
Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier is here in full — 241 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
1850-4.
Line 2
The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.
/ðə ˌterɪˈtɔːriəl lɔː ʌv ˈɔːrəɡən kəmˈbaɪnd ðə ˈɔːfəsəz ʌv ˈɡʌvərnər ənd ˈɪndiən ˈeɪdʒənt/
Line 3
One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.
Line 4
The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.
Line 5
Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.
/ʌv ðə tuː ˈhʌndrəd ˈɪndiənz ˈɪmplɪkeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈmæsəkər faɪv wɜːr ˈɡɪvən ʌp tuː biː delt wɪð əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː lɔː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

implicated adjective US /ˈɪmplɪkeɪtɪd/

culpably involved

From this reading “Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.”

Lane's noun US /leɪnz/

possessive form of “lane” — a narrow way or road

From this reading “One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.”

massacre verb US /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.”

murderers noun US /ˈmɜːrdərərz/

plural of “murderer” — a criminal who commits homicide (who performs the unlawful premeditated killing of another human being)

From this reading “One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.”

Oregon noun US /ˈɔːrəɡən/

a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

From this reading “The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.”

punishing adjective US /ˈpʌnɪʃɪŋ/

resulting in punishment

From this reading “One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.”

Territorial adjective US /ˌterɪˈtɔːriəl/

of or relating to a territory

From this reading “The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.”

Whitman noun US /ˈwɪtmən/

United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)

From this reading “One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most important adverb + adjective

In this reading “One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.”

dealt with verb + particle counted as “deal with”

In this reading “Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.”

deliver up verb + adjective

In this reading “The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1850

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1850-4.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1850-4.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

actsnounUS /ækts/

a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

administrationnounUS /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

AgentnounUS /ˈeɪdʒənt/

an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

assuredadjectiveUS /əˈʃʊrd/

marked by assurance; exhibiting confidence

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

Cayusenoun

a small native range horse

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

chiefsnounUS /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

combinedadjectiveUS /kəmˈbaɪnd/

made or joined or united into one

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

dealtverbUS /delt/

inflected form of “deal” — act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.

deliververbUS /dɪˈlɪvər/

deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.

GovernornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.

implicatedadjectiveUS /ˈɪmplɪkeɪtɪd/

culpably involved

From this reading Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

Lane'snounUS /leɪnz/

possessive form of “lane” — a narrow way or road

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

massacreverbUS /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

murderersnounUS /ˈmɜːrdərərz/

plural of “murderer” — a criminal who commits homicide (who performs the unlawful premeditated killing of another human being)

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

officesnounUS /ˈɔːfəsəz/

plural of “office” — place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

OregonnounUS /ˈɔːrəɡən/

a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

punishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌnɪʃt/

subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

punishingadjectiveUS /ˈpʌnɪʃɪŋ/

resulting in punishment

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

securingverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

TerritorialadjectiveUS /ˌterɪˈtɔːriəl/

of or relating to a territory

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Territorial law of Oregon combined the offices of Governor and Indian Agent.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Of the two hundred Indians implicated in the massacre, five were given up to be dealt with according to law.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

whitesnounUS /waɪts/

plural of “white” — a Caucasian

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

WhitmannounUS /ˈwɪtmən/

United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)

From this reading One of the most important acts which marked Lane's administration was that of securing and punishing the murderers of Dr. and Mrs. Whitman.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Indians of the Cayuse tribe to whom the murderers belonged, were assured that the only way in which they could avoid a war with the whites was to deliver up the chiefs who had been engaged in the massacre, to be tried and punished according to the laws of the whites.

Chapter 20 of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier by Frances Fuller Victor holds 241 sentences, grouped into 49 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier contain?

Chapter 20 holds 241 sentences of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier, unabridged, divided into 49 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier by Frances Fuller Victor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 241 sentences, grouped into 49 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier?

Work through the 49 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 49 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 6539 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39465 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #39465, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 544 minutes of reading across 1308 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier

Words and structures a reader meets early in Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Eleven
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rocky
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mountains
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and Life on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.