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Elissa
Elissa

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Elissa is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.
In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.
These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.
For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.
But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elissa

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Elissa is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.
/ðə keɪdʒ ʌv deθ æn ˈaʊər ˈleɪtər ðə əˈtæk kəˈmenst æt ˈtʃoʊzən pɔɪnts ʌv ðə ˈdʌbəl wɔːl wʌn ʌv ðem ˈbiːɪŋ ðə ˈsʌðərn ɡeɪt/
Line 2
In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.
/ɪn frʌnt ʌv ðə ədˈvænsɪŋ ˈkɑːləmz ʌv ˈsævədʒəz wɜːr ˈdrɪvən væst ˈnʌmbərz ʌv sleɪvz ˈmeni ʌv huːm hæd bɪn ˈkæptʃərd ɔːr hæd sərˈendərd ɪn ðə ˈaʊtər taʊn/
Line 3
These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.
Line 4
For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.
Line 5
But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

breaching verb US /ˈbriːtʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “breach” — act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises

From this reading “These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.”

burdens noun US /ˈbɜːrdənz/

plural of “burden” — an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading “For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.”

defenders noun US /dɪˈfendərz/

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading “But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.”

ladders noun US /ˈlædərz/

plural of “ladder” — steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading “These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.”

pitfall noun US /ˈpɪtfɔːl/

an unforeseen or unexpected or surprising difficulty

From this reading “But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.”

rained verb US /reɪnd/

past form of “rain” — precipitate as rain

From this reading “But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.”

shields noun US /ʃiːldz/

plural of “shield” — a protective covering or structure

From this reading “For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.”

unarmed adjective US /əˈnɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) not having or using arms

From this reading “For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

arrowsnounUS /ˈæroʊz/

plural of “arrow” — a mark to indicate a direction or relation

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

breachingverbUS /ˈbriːtʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “breach” — act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

burdensnounUS /ˈbɜːrdənz/

plural of “burden” — an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

CAGEnounUS /keɪdʒ/

an enclosure made or wire or metal bars in which birds or animals can be kept

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

capturedverbUS /ˈkæptʃərd/

past form of “capture” — succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

columnsnounUS /ˈkɑːləmz/

plural of “column” — a line of units following one after another

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

creaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

DEATHnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

defendersnounUS /dɪˈfendərz/

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

ditchnounUS /dɪtʃ/

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

doubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

faggots

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

fillverbUS /fɪl/

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

gamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

harmnounUS /hɑːrm/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

heapsnounUS /hiːps/

a large number or amount

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

hiddenadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdən/

not accessible to view

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

Ithobal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

laddersnounUS /ˈlædərz/

plural of “ladder” — steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

ladenadjectiveUS /ˈleɪdən/

filled with a great quantity

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

onwardadverbUS /ˈɔːnwərd/

forward in time or order or degree

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

outeradjectiveUS /ˈaʊtər/

being on the outside or further from a center

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

pitfallnounUS /ˈpɪtfɔːl/

an unforeseen or unexpected or surprising difficulty

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

protectedadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

rainedverbUS /reɪnd/

past form of “rain” — precipitate as rain

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

savagesnounUS /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

scalenounUS /skeɪl/

an ordered reference standard

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

scoresnounUS /skɔːrz/

a large number or amount

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

shaftsnounUS /ʃæfts/

plural of “shaft” — a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

shieldsnounUS /ʃiːldz/

plural of “shield” — a protective covering or structure

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

slainnounUS /sleɪn/

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

spear-points

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

surrenderedverbUS /sərˈendərd/

past form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

trunksnounUS /trʌŋks/

(used in the plural) trousers that end at or above the knee

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

unarmedadjectiveUS /əˈnɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) not having or using arms

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading THE CAGE OF DEATH An hour later the attack commenced at chosen points of the double wall, one of them being the southern gate.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

whereasconjunctionUS /weˈræz/

in contrast with the fact that

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

wherewith

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For the most part, they were unarmed, and protected only by their burdens, which they held before them as shields, and by the arrows of the warriors of Ithobal.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In front of the advancing columns of savages were driven vast numbers of slaves, many of whom had been captured, or had surrendered in the outer town.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading These men were laden with faggots to fill the ditch, rude ladders wherewith to scale the walls, and heavy trunks of trees to be used in breaching them.

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading But these did little harm to the defenders, who were hidden behind the walls, whereas the shafts of the garrison, rained on them from above, killed or wounded the slaves by scores, who, poor creatures, when they turned to fly, were driven onward by the spear-points of the savages, to be slain in heaps like game in a pitfall.

Chapter 17 of Elissa by H. Rider (Henry Rider) Haggard holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Elissa contain?

Chapter 17 holds 143 sentences of Elissa, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Elissa by H. Rider (Henry Rider) Haggard exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Elissa?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elissa

Common questions about reading Elissa by H. Rider (Henry Rider) Haggard on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elissa?

Yes. All 2335 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2855 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elissa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2855, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elissa take to read?

About 194 minutes of reading across 467 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Elissa section by section

How to work through Elissa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Elissa to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Elissa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elissa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Memory
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elissa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elissa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Burnham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elissa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bound
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elissa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.