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Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1
Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1 is here in full — 310 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
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GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.
[Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.
The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.
They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.
My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1 is here in full — 310 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.
Line 2
[Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.
Line 3
The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.
Line 4
They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.
Line 5
My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bleu noun US /bluː/

cheese containing a blue mold

corrupted adjective US /kərˈʌptɪd/

containing errors or alterations

From this reading “The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.”

focus noun US /ˈfoʊkəs/

the concentration of attention or energy on something

From this reading “[Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.”

girlhood noun US /ˈɡɜːrlhʊd/

the childhood of a girl

From this reading “GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.”

Montagu noun US /ˈmɑːntəɡjuː/

United States anthropologist (born in England) who popularized anthropology (1905-)

From this reading “[Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.”

pedigree noun US /ˈpedəɡri/

the descendants of one individual

From this reading “My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.”

portland noun US /ˈpɔːrtlənd/

freshwater port and largest city in Oregon; located in northwestern Oregon on the Willamette River which divides the city into east and west sections; renowned for its beautiful natural setting among the mountains

From this reading “GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.”

Robinsons noun US /ˈrɑːbənsənz/

plural of “robinson” — English chemist noted for his studies of molecular structures in plants (1886-1975)

From this reading “The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “[Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.”

few words adjective + noun

In this reading “[Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.”

descend from verb + particle

In this reading “They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.”

Before entering preposition + noun

In this reading “[Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.”

sprang from verb + particle counted as “spring from”

In this reading “[Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1738

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

4th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

Athole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

Atholia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

BaronnounUS /ˈbærən/

a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

bas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

BEGINNINGnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

bleunounUS /bluː/

cheese containing a blue mold

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

cleverest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

coat-of-arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

copyholdnoun

a medieval form of land tenure in England; a copyhold was a parcel of land granted to a peasant by the lord of the manor in return for agricultural services

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

CORRESPONDENCEnounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

corruptedadjectiveUS /kərˈʌptɪd/

containing errors or alterations

From this reading The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

descendverbUS /dɪˈsend/

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

descendantsnounUS /dɪˈsendənts/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

DUCHESSnounUS /ˈdʌtʃəs/

the wife of a duke or a woman holding ducal title in her own right

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

DuncannounUS /ˈdʌŋkən/

United States dancer and pioneer of modern dance (1878-1927)

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

FAMILYnounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

focusnounUS /ˈfoʊkəs/

the concentration of attention or energy on something

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

GIRLHOODnounUS /ˈɡɜːrlhʊd/

the childhood of a girl

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

grandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.

headingnounUS /ˈhedɪŋ/

a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

henceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

MontagunounUS /ˈmɑːntəɡjuː/

United States anthropologist (born in England) who popularized anthropology (1905-)

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.

PagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

pedigreenounUS /ˈpedəɡri/

the descendants of one individual

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

Peerages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

Perthshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

PORTLANDnounUS /ˈpɔːrtlənd/

freshwater port and largest city in Oregon; located in northwestern Oregon on the Willamette River which divides the city into east and west sections; renowned for its beautiful natural setting among the mountains

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

Robertsons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.

ROBINSONnounUS /ˈrɑːbənsən/

English chemist noted for his studies of molecular structures in plants (1886-1975)

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

RobinsonsnounUS /ˈrɑːbənsənz/

plural of “robinson” — English chemist noted for his studies of molecular structures in plants (1886-1975)

From this reading The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson.

Rokeby

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

sprangverbUS /spræŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

Strowan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

Struan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

unfinishedadjectiveUS /ənˈfɪnɪʃt/

not brought to the desired final state

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

UPadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading [Page heading: THE ROBINSON FAMILY] Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous _bas bleu_, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from.

YorkshirenounUS /ˈjɔːrkʃər/

a former large county in northern England; in 1974 it was divided into three smaller counties

From this reading My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.

Chapter 3 of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1 by Mrs. (Elizabeth) Montagu holds 310 sentences, grouped into 62 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 310 sentences of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 62 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1 by Mrs. (Elizabeth) Montagu exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 310 sentences, grouped into 62 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1?

Work through the 62 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 62 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1

Common questions about reading Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1 by Mrs. (Elizabeth) Montagu on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1?

Yes. All 3345 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70591 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70591, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1 take to read?

About 278 minutes of reading across 669 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Words
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Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marked
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Underscores
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