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Elizabethan Sea-Dogs
Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!
These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'
But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?
The title of the present volume, _Elizabethan Sea-Dogs_, gives the only answer.
It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!
/ə ˈkrɑː.nɪ.kəl ʌv dreɪk ənd hɪz kəmˈpænjənz ˈsɪtəzən ˈkɑːlənɪst ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/
Line 2
These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'
Line 3
But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?
/bʌt huː priˈperd ðə weɪ fɔːr ðə ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz frʌm ðə oʊld wɜːrld ənd wʌt enˈʃʊrd ðer ˈseɪfti ɪn ðə nuː/
Line 4
The title of the present volume, _Elizabethan Sea-Dogs_, gives the only answer.
Line 5
It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

admirals noun US /ˈædmərəlz/

plural of “admiral” — the supreme commander of a fleet; ranks above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral

From this reading “It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.”

colonist noun US /ˈkɑːlənɪst/

a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading “A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!”

consummate verb US /ˈkɑːnsəmət/

fulfill sexually

From this reading “It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.”

Elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

ensured verb US /enˈʃʊrd/

past form of “ensure” — make certain of

From this reading “But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?”

leadership noun US /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

the activity of leading

From this reading “It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.”

pioneers noun US /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading “But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?”

Tudor noun US /ˈtuːdər/

an English dynasty descended from Henry Tudor; Tudor monarchs ruled from Henry VII to Elizabeth I (from 1485 to 1603)

From this reading “It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!

admiralsnounUS /ˈædmərəlz/

plural of “admiral” — the supreme commander of a fleet; ranks above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading The title of the present volume, _Elizabethan Sea-Dogs_, gives the only answer.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

ChroniclenounUS /ˈkrɑː.nɪ.kəl/

A detailed written record of historical events in order. (Sử ký, biên niên sử lịch sử.)

From this reading A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!

CitizennounUS /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!

colonistnounUS /ˈkɑːlənɪst/

a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

CompanionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!

consummateverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəmət/

fulfill sexually

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

DrakenounUS /dreɪk/

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)

From this reading A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

ElizabethannounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading The title of the present volume, _Elizabethan Sea-Dogs_, gives the only answer.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

EnglishmennounUS /ˌeŋˈlɪʃmən/

plural of “englishman” — a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

ensuredverbUS /enˈʃʊrd/

past form of “ensure” — make certain of

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading The title of the present volume, _Elizabethan Sea-Dogs_, gives the only answer.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

leadershipnounUS /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

the activity of leading

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

Newe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The title of the present volume, _Elizabethan Sea-Dogs_, gives the only answer.

pioneernounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/

someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading A Chronicle of Drake and His Companions Citizen, colonist, pioneer!

pioneersnounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The title of the present volume, _Elizabethan Sea-Dogs_, gives the only answer.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

safetynounUS /ˈseɪfti/

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

Sea-Dogs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The title of the present volume, _Elizabethan Sea-Dogs_, gives the only answer.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

sovereignsnounUS /ˈsɑːvrənz/

plural of “sovereign” — a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading The title of the present volume, _Elizabethan Sea-Dogs_, gives the only answer.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

TudornounUS /ˈtuːdər/

an English dynasty descended from Henry Tudor; Tudor monarchs ruled from Henry VII to Elizabeth I (from 1485 to 1603)

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading The title of the present volume, _Elizabethan Sea-Dogs_, gives the only answer.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading It was during the reign of Elizabeth, the last of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of the sea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modern admirals.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading But who prepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured their safety in the New?

Worlde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These three words carry the history of the United States back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.'

Chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood holds 132 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs contain?

Chapter 1 holds 132 sentences of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 132 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

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Vocabulary met early in Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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