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Elizabethan Sea-Dogs
Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.
Columbus, too, was an Italian, though in the service of the Spanish Crown.
It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.
Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.
Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.
Line 2
Columbus, too, was an Italian, though in the service of the Spanish Crown.
/kəˈlʌmbəs tuː wɑːz æn ˌɪˈtæljən ðoʊ ɪn ðə ˈsɜːrvəs ʌv ðə ˈspænɪʃ kraʊn/
Line 3
It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.
Line 4
Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.
Line 5
Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.
/ˈtwenti jɪrz ˈleɪtər əˈɡen ðə ˈpɔːrtʃəɡiːz məˈdʒelən ˈseɪlɪŋ fɔːr ðə kɪŋ ʌv speɪn dɪˈskʌvərd ðə streɪt stɪl noʊn baɪ hɪz neɪm pæst θruː ɪt ˈɪntuː ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ənd riːtʃt ðə ˈfɪləpiːnz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cabot noun US /ˈkæbət/

son of John Cabot who was born in Italy and who led an English expedition in search of the Northwest Passage and a Spanish expedition that explored the La Plata region of Brazil; in 1544 he published a map of the world (1476-1557)

From this reading “The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.”

Cabot's noun US /ˈkæbəts/

possessive form of “cabot” — son of John Cabot who was born in Italy and who led an English expedition in search of the Northwest Passage and a Spanish expedition that explored the La Plata region of Brazil; in 1544 he published a map of the world (1476-1557)

From this reading “It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.”

coasts noun US /koʊsts/

plural of “coast” — the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading “Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.”

Labrador noun US /ˈlæbrədɔːr/

the mainland part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in the eastern part of the large Labrador-Ungava Peninsula in northeastern Canada

From this reading “Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.”

Magellan noun US /məˈdʒelən/

Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world (1480-1521)

From this reading “Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.”

Philippines noun US /ˈfɪləpiːnz/

a republic on the Philippine Islands; achieved independence from the United States in 1946

From this reading “Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.”

pioneers noun US /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading “The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.”

Portugal noun US /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡəl/

a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)

From this reading “The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1498

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

AgenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

CabotnounUS /ˈkæbət/

son of John Cabot who was born in Italy and who led an English expedition in search of the Northwest Passage and a Spanish expedition that explored the La Plata region of Brazil; in 1544 he published a map of the world (1476-1557)

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

Cabot'snounUS /ˈkæbəts/

possessive form of “cabot” — son of John Cabot who was born in Italy and who led an English expedition in search of the Northwest Passage and a Spanish expedition that explored the La Plata region of Brazil; in 1544 he published a map of the world (1476-1557)

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

coastsnounUS /koʊsts/

plural of “coast” — the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

ColumbusnounUS /kəˈlʌmbəs/

the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University

From this reading Columbus, too, was an Italian, though in the service of the Spanish Crown.

Cortereals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

crewnounUS /kruː/

the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

CrownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

danounUS /dɑː/

an official prosecutor for a judicial district

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

DiscoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

exploringverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

Gama

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

HopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

LabradornounUS /ˈlæbrədɔːr/

the mainland part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in the eastern part of the large Labrador-Ungava Peninsula in northeastern Canada

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

MagellannounUS /məˈdʒelən/

Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world (1480-1521)

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

northwestnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

PacificnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

PhilippinesnounUS /ˈfɪləpiːnz/

a republic on the Philippine Islands; achieved independence from the United States in 1946

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

pioneersnounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

PortugalnounUS /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡəl/

a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

PortuguesenounUS /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡiːz/

the Romance language spoken in Portugal and Brazil

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

sailingnounUS /ˈseɪlɪŋ/

the work of a sailor

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Columbus, too, was an Italian, though in the service of the Spanish Crown.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Columbus, too, was an Italian, though in the service of the Spanish Crown.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

straitnounUS /streɪt/

a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Columbus, too, was an Italian, though in the service of the Spanish Crown.

TwentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Twenty years later again the Portuguese Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, discovered the strait still known by his name, passed through it into the Pacific, and reached the Philippines.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

Vasco

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

voyagenounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The leading pioneers in the Age of Discovery were sons of Italy, Spain, and Portugal.[2] Cabot, as we have seen, was an Italian, though he sailed for the English Crown and had an English crew.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading It was the Portuguese Vasco da Gama who in the very year of John Cabot's second voyage (1498) found the great sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Two years later the Cortereals, also Portuguese, began exploring the coasts of America as far northwest as Labrador.

Chapter 2 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood holds 148 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs contain?

Chapter 2 holds 148 sentences of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 148 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Common questions about reading Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elizabethan Sea-Dogs take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Elizabethan Sea-Dogs section by section

How to work through Elizabethan Sea-Dogs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.