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Elizabethan Sea-Dogs
Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is here in full — 223 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.
In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.
This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.
But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.
Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is here in full — 223 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.
Line 2
In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.
Line 3
This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.
Line 4
But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.
Line 5
Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Elizabeth's noun US /ɪˈlɪzəbəθs/

possessive form of “elizabeth” — daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading “Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.”

Elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading “Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.”

Englishmen noun US /ˌeŋˈlɪʃmən/

plural of “englishman” — a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading “But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.”

fewer adjective US /ˈfjuːər/

(comparative of “few” used with count nouns) quantifier meaning a smaller number of

From this reading “This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.”

globe noun US /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading “But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.”

historic adjective US /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/

belonging to the past; of what is important or famous in the past

From this reading “Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.”

motherland noun US /ˈmʌðərlænd/

the country where you were born

From this reading “Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.”

peoples noun US /ˈpiːpəlz/

the human beings of a particular nation or community or ethnic group

From this reading “Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

colonizing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

consistedverbUS /kənˈsɪstəd/

past form of “consist” — originate

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.

Elizabeth'snounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθs/

possessive form of “elizabeth” — daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

ElizabethannounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

English-speakingadjective

able to communicate in English

From this reading In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.

EnglishmennounUS /ˌeŋˈlɪʃmən/

plural of “englishman” — a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

feweradjectiveUS /ˈfjuːər/

(comparative of “few” used with count nouns) quantifier meaning a smaller number of

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

globenounUS /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

historicadjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/

belonging to the past; of what is important or famous in the past

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

millionnounUS /ˈmɪljən/

the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

motherlandnounUS /ˈmʌðərlænd/

the country where you were born

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

peoplesnounUS /ˈpiːpəlz/

the human beings of a particular nation or community or ethnic group

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

sea-borne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.

thirtyfold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

tonguenounUS /tʌŋ/

a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the reign of Elizabeth there was only one English-speaking nation.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Elizabethan England is the motherland, the true historic home, of all the different peoples who speak the sea-borne English tongue.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

WithinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Within three centuries after Elizabeth's day the use of English as a native speech had grown quite thirtyfold.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading But hardly had the Great Queen died before Englishmen began that colonizing movement which has carried their language the whole world round and established their civilization in every quarter of the globe.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading This nation consisted of a bare five million people, fewer than there are to-day in London or New York.

Chapter 4 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood holds 223 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs contain?

Chapter 4 holds 223 sentences of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 223 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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