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Elizabethan Sea-Dogs
Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is here in full — 357 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Elizabethan Sea-Dogs
Context Illustration Reading 1/71 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.
When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friendshypocritically so, but friends.
Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.
It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.
Therefore Drake disappeared and his plunder too.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is here in full — 357 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/71 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.
Line 2
When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friendshypocritically so, but friends.
Line 3
Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.
Line 4
It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.
/ɪt wɑːz ə ˈveri ˌɪnkənˈviːnjənt ˈfæktər ɪn ðə ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈprɑːbləm fɔːr ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/
Line 5
Therefore Drake disappeared and his plunder too.
/ˈðerfɔːr dreɪk ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd ənd hɪz ˈplʌn.dər tuː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

diplomatic adjective US /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

relating to or characteristic of diplomacy

From this reading “It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.”

Dons noun US /dɑːnz/

plural of “don” — a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading “Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.”

Drake noun US /dreɪk/

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)

From this reading “When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.”

factor noun US /ˈfæktər/

anything that contributes causally to a result

From this reading “It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.”

inconvenient adjective US /ˌɪnkənˈviːnjənt/

not suited to your comfort, purpose or needs

From this reading “It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.”

plunder noun US /ˈplʌn.dər/

Goods or treasure taken by force or theft, especially in war or banditry.

From this reading “Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.”

stank verb US /stæŋk/

inflected form of “stink” — be extremely bad in quality or in one's performance

From this reading “Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.”

throats noun US /θroʊts/

plural of “throat” — the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone

From this reading “When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1572

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

1573

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

CameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

Dios

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

diplomaticadjectiveUS /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

relating to or characteristic of diplomacy

From this reading It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.

disappearedverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd/

past form of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading Therefore Drake disappeared and his plunder too.

DonsnounUS /dɑːnz/

plural of “don” — a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.

DrakenounUS /dreɪk/

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

Drake's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

factornounUS /ˈfæktər/

anything that contributes causally to a result

From this reading It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

haughtyadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːti/

having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy

From this reading Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Therefore Drake disappeared and his plunder too.

hypocriticallyadverb

in a hypocritical manner

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

inconvenientadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkənˈviːnjənt/

not suited to your comfort, purpose or needs

From this reading It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

Nombre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

nostrilsnounUS /ˈnɑːstrəlz/

plural of “nostril” — either one of the two external openings to the nasal cavity in the nose

From this reading Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

other's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

plundernounUS /ˈplʌn.dər/

Goods or treasure taken by force or theft, especially in war or banditry.

From this reading Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

stankverbUS /stæŋk/

inflected form of “stink” — be extremely bad in quality or in one's performance

From this reading Drake's plunder stank in the nostrils of the haughty Dons.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore Drake disappeared and his plunder too.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When he Came back in the summer of 1573, they were all for making friends—hypocritically so, but friends.

throatsnounUS /θroʊts/

plural of “throat” — the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Therefore Drake disappeared and his plunder too.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a very inconvenient factor in the diplomatic problem for Elizabeth.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Drake left for Nombre de Dios in the spring of 1572, Spain and England were both ready to fly at each other's throats.

Chapter 7 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood holds 357 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs contain?

Chapter 7 holds 357 sentences of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 357 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Common questions about reading Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elizabethan Sea-Dogs take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.