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Elizabethan Sea-Dogs
Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is here in full — 271 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Elizabethan Sea-Dogs
Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.
It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.
He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition paya heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.
He had also failed to take Lisbon itself.
The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is here in full — 271 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.
Line 2
It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.
/ɪt kæn ˌhaʊˈevər biː kwaɪt ˈiːzəli ɪkˈspleɪnd ðoʊ ˈnevər ɪkˈspleɪnd əˈweɪ/
Line 3
He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition paya heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.
Line 4
He had also failed to take Lisbon itself.
/hiː hæd ˈɔːlsoʊ feɪld tuː teɪk ˈlɪzbən ˌɪtˈself/
Line 5
The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.
/ðə ˈriːzənz waɪ ˈmætərd ˈnʌθɪŋ ˈiːðər tuː ðə ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd ˈɡʌvərmənt ɔːr tuː ðə ˈdʒenərəl ˈpʌblɪk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contradiction noun US /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkʃən/

opposition between two conflicting forces or ideas

From this reading “Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.”

disfavor noun US /dɪˈsfeɪvər/

the state of being out of favor

From this reading “Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.”

Drake noun US /dreɪk/

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)

From this reading “Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.”

excise verb US /ekˈsaɪs/

remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line

From this reading “He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.”

heinous adjective US /ˈheɪnəs/

extremely wicked, deeply criminal

From this reading “He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.”

Lisbon noun US /ˈlɪzbən/

capital and largest city and economic and cultural center of Portugal; a major port in western Portugal on Tagus River where it broadens and empties into the Atlantic

From this reading “He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.”

mattered verb US /ˈmætərd/

past form of “matter” — have weight; have import, carry weight

From this reading “The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.”

revenue noun US /ˈrevənuː/

the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading “He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1589

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading He had also failed to take Lisbon itself.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

contradictionnounUS /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkʃən/

opposition between two conflicting forces or ideas

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

customsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

departmentnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

disappointedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/

disappointingly unsuccessful

From this reading The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.

disfavornounUS /dɪˈsfeɪvər/

the state of being out of favor

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

DrakenounUS /dreɪk/

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.

exciseverbUS /ekˈsaɪs/

remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

ExpeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

explainverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪn/

make plain and comprehensible

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

heinousadjectiveUS /ˈheɪnəs/

extremely wicked, deeply criminal

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading He had also failed to take Lisbon itself.

LisbonnounUS /ˈlɪzbən/

capital and largest city and economic and cultural center of Portugal; a major port in western Portugal on Tagus River where it broadens and empties into the Atlantic

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

matteredverbUS /ˈmætərd/

past form of “matter” — have weight; have import, carry weight

From this reading The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

navynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

offencenoun

the action of attacking an enemy

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.

revenuenounUS /ˈrevənuː/

the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading He had also failed to take Lisbon itself.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Drake in disfavor after 1589 seems a contradiction that nothing can explain.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It can, however, be quite easily explained, though never explained away.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He had simply failed to make the Lisbon Expedition pay—a heinous offence in days when the navy was as much a revenue department as the customs or excise.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading The reasons why mattered nothing either to the disappointed government or to the general public.

Chapter 12 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood holds 271 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs contain?

Chapter 12 holds 271 sentences of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 271 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Common questions about reading Elizabethan Sea-Dogs by William Wood on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elizabethan Sea-Dogs take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Elizabethan Sea-Dogs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Elizabethan Sea-Dogs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.