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Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia
Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia
Context Illustration Reading 7/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?
And who is the Dark Lady?
What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?
We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."
All this adds to the difficulty of interpretation.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 7/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 31–35

Line 1
Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?
Line 2
And who is the Dark Lady?
/ənd huː ɪz ðə dɑːrk ˈleɪdi/
Line 3
What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?
Line 4
We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."
Line 5
All this adds to the difficulty of interpretation.
/ɔːl ðɪs ædz tuː ðə ˈdɪfəkəlti ʌv ˌɪntɜːrprɪˈteɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adds noun US /ædz/

plural of “add” — a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders

From this reading “All this adds to the difficulty of interpretation.”

indicate verb US /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading “We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."”

interpretation noun US /ˌɪntɜːrprɪˈteɪʃən/

a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something

From this reading “All this adds to the difficulty of interpretation.”

personalities noun US /ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪtiz/

plural of “personality” — the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading “What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?”

poet's noun US /ˈpoʊəts/

possessive form of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading “What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?”

praises noun US /ˈpreɪzəz/

plural of “praise” — an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading “We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."”

rhyming adjective US /ˈraɪmɪŋ/

having corresponding sounds especially terminal sounds

From this reading “Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?”

troubadour noun US /ˈtruːbədɔːr/

a singer of folk songs

From this reading “We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

addsnounUS /ædz/

plural of “add” — a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders

From this reading All this adds to the difficulty of interpretation.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

Caelica

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

Coelia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

confessedverbUS /kənˈfest/

past form of “confess” — confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

DarknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading And who is the Dark Lady?

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

Delia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

DiananounUS /daɪˈænə/

English aristocrat who was the first wife of Prince Charles; her death in an automobile accident in Paris produced intense national mourning (1961-1997)

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading All this adds to the difficulty of interpretation.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

franklyadverbUS /ˈfræŋkli/

(used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

hideverbUS /haɪd/

prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?

imaginings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

indicateverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

interpretationnounUS /ˌɪntɜːrprɪˈteɪʃən/

a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something

From this reading All this adds to the difficulty of interpretation.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading And who is the Dark Lady?

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

musicaladjectiveUS /ˈmjuːzɪkəl/

characterized by or capable of producing music

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

passionnounUS /ˈpæʃən/

a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

personalitiesnounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪtiz/

plural of “personality” — the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?

poet'snounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

possessive form of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?

praisesnounUS /ˈpreɪzəz/

plural of “praise” — an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

rhymingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪmɪŋ/

having corresponding sounds especially terminal sounds

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

sonneteers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

sungnounUS /sʌŋ/

the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading All this adds to the difficulty of interpretation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading All this adds to the difficulty of interpretation.

troubadournounUS /ˈtruːbədɔːr/

a singer of folk songs

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

warmthnounUS /wɔːrmθ/

the sensation caused by heat energy

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What personalities hide behind these poet's imaginings?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Who is Delia, Diana, Coelia, Caelica, and all the rhyming of musical names?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We know that now, as in troubadour days, the praises of grand ladies were sung with a warmth of language that should indicate personal acquaintance when no such acquaintance existed; and the sonneteers sometimes frankly confessed their passion "but supposed."

Chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia by Martha Foote [Editor] Crow holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia contain?

Chapter 1 holds 404 sentences of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia by Martha Foote [Editor] Crow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia

Common questions about reading Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia by Martha Foote [Editor] Crow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia?

Yes. All 803 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18841 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18841, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia take to read?

About 66 minutes of reading across 161 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia section by section

How to work through Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Kegan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trench
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Truebner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paternoster
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.