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Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia
Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia
Context Illustration Reading 78/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.
Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.
Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.
The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.
It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 78/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 386–390

Line 1
But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.
Line 2
Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.
Line 3
Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.
Line 4
The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.
/ðə rɪˈzʌlts wɜːr ʌv ɡreɪt ˌɪmˈpɔːrt tuː ˈɪŋɡlənd kəˈmɜːrʃəli ənd ˈʌðərwaɪz bʌt ðə bʊk hiː roʊt ɑːn hɪz rɪˈtɜːrn wɑːz fɔːr pəˈlɪtəkəl ˈriːzənz səˈprest/
Line 5
It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commercially adverb US /kəˈmɜːrʃəli/

in a commercial manner

From this reading “The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.”

courtier noun US /ˈkɔːrtiər/

an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading “Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.”

enforced adjective US /enˈfɔːrst/

forced or compelled or put in force

From this reading “It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.”

Fletcher noun US /ˈfletʃər/

prolific English dramatist who collaborated with Francis Beaumont and many other dramatists (1579-1625)

From this reading “But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.”

idleness noun US /ˈaɪdəlnəs/

having no employment

From this reading “It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.”

import noun US /ˌɪmˈpɔːrt/

commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country

From this reading “The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.”

suppression noun US /səˈpreʃən/

the failure to develop some part or organ

From this reading “It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.”

Trinity noun US /ˈtrɪnəti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading “Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1581

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

1611

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

85

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.

CambridgenounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

commerciallyadverbUS /kəˈmɜːrʃəli/

in a commercial manner

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

courtiernounUS /ˈkɔːrtiər/

an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

EducatedadjectiveUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

embassages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

enforcedadjectiveUS /enˈfɔːrst/

forced or compelled or put in force

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

Eton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

FletchernounUS /ˈfletʃər/

prolific English dramatist who collaborated with Francis Beaumont and many other dramatists (1579-1625)

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.

Giles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

idlenessnounUS /ˈaɪdəlnəs/

having no employment

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

importnounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrt/

commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

lastedverbUS /ˈlæstəd/

past form of “last” — persist for a specified period of time

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

LL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

responsibilitynounUS /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

resultsnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

rimingadjective

having corresponding sounds especially terminal sounds

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.

scholarnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

servicesnounUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəz/

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

seventy-twoadjective

being two more than seventy

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

sonneteers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

suppressedadjectiveUS /səˈprest/

kept from public knowledge by various means

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

suppressionnounUS /səˈpreʃən/

the failure to develop some part or organ

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.

TrinitynounUS /ˈtrɪnəti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

undertakenverbUS /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading Most important among the foreign embassages undertaken by Fletcher was the one to Russia.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But Giles Fletcher the elder was not thought of in his own time as a poet.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading The results were of great import to England, commercially and otherwise, but the book he wrote on his return was, for political reasons, suppressed.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Educated at Eton and Trinity, Cambridge, where he was made LL.D. in 1581, a member of Parliament in '85, employed in many public services at home and abroad during a career that lasted until 1611, in which year Dr. Fletcher died at the age of seventy-two, he was known as a man of action, a man for public responsibility, rather than as the retired scholar or riming courtier.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading It happened that the years of enforced idleness that followed the suppression of this book came in the time when the young sonneteers at London were all busy.

Chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia by Martha Foote [Editor] Crow holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia contain?

Chapter 1 holds 404 sentences of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia by Martha Foote [Editor] Crow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia

Common questions about reading Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia by Martha Foote [Editor] Crow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia?

Yes. All 803 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18841 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18841, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia take to read?

About 66 minutes of reading across 161 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia section by section

How to work through Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Kegan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trench
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Truebner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paternoster
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elizabethan Sonnet Cycles: Phillis - Licia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.