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Elkswatawa
Elkswatawa

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Elkswatawa is here in full — 260 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/52 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.
'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”
DRYDEN.
Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.
An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elkswatawa

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Elkswatawa is here in full — 260 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/52 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.
/ðə ˈwestərn ˈbɔːrdərz wɜːr wɪð ˈkrɪmzən spred ðə sʌn dɪˈsendɪŋ lʊkt ɔːl ˈfleɪmɪŋ red hiː θɔːt ɡʊd ˈmænərz baʊnd hɪm tuː ˌɪnˈvaɪt ðə streɪndʒ juːθ tuː biː hɪz ɡest ðæt naɪt/
Line 2
'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”
Line 3
DRYDEN.
/ˈdraɪdən/
Line 4
Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.
Line 5
An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

borders noun US /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading ““The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.”

diet noun US /ˈdaɪət/

a prescribed selection of foods

From this reading “'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.””

dryden noun US /ˈdraɪdən/

the outstanding poet and dramatist of the Restoration (1631-1700)

From this reading “DRYDEN.”

guidance noun US /ˈɡaɪdəns/

something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action

From this reading “An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.”

inducements noun US /ˌɪnˈduːsmənts/

plural of “inducement” — a positive motivational influence

From this reading “'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.””

Petersburg noun US /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading “Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.”

unused adjective US /əˈnjuːzd/

not yet used or soiled

From this reading “'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.””

Virginian noun US /vərˈdʒɪnjən/

a native or resident of Virginia

From this reading “Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

under the guidance preposition + article + noun counted as “under … guidance”

In this reading “An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.”

flaming red adjective + noun

In this reading ““The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.”

southern bank adjective + noun

In this reading “Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.”

good manners adjective + noun

a courteous manner

In this reading ““The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.”

early life adjective + noun

In this reading “An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.”

taste Of verb + particle

In this reading “'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.””

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

Appomattox

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

bordersnounUS /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

cabinnounUS /ˈkæbən/

small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

chivalrousadjective

being attentive to women like an ideal knight

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

coarseadjectiveUS /kɔːrs/

of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

collegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

crimsonadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmzən/

of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

dareverbUS /der/

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

descendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈsendɪŋ/

coming down or downward

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

dietnounUS /ˈdaɪət/

a prescribed selection of foods

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

Dinwiddie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

DRYDENnounUS /ˈdraɪdən/

the outstanding poet and dramatist of the Restoration (1631-1700)

From this reading DRYDEN.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

educatedadjectiveUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

farenounUS /fer/

an agenda of things to do

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

flamingadjectiveUS /ˈfleɪmɪŋ/

informal intensifiers

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

freelyadverbUS /ˈfriːli/

in a free manner

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

guestnounUS /ɡest/

a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

guidancenounUS /ˈɡaɪdəns/

something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

heartyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrti/

showing warm and heartfelt friendliness

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

high-tonedadjective

pretentiously elegant

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

homelyadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊmli/

lacking in physical beauty or proportion

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

inducementsnounUS /ˌɪnˈduːsmənts/

plural of “inducement” — a positive motivational influence

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

institutionnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

inviteverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪt/

increase the likelihood of

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

nicelyadverbUS /ˈnaɪsli/

in a nice way

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

orphannounUS /ˈɔːrfən/

a child who has lost both parents

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

PetersburgnounUS /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

rearedverbUS /rɪrd/

past form of “rear” — stand up on the hind legs, of quadrupeds

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

repastnoun

the food served and eaten at one time

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

Rolfe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

stretchingnounUS /ˈstretʃɪŋ/

act of expanding by lengthening or widening

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

TisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

unclenounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

unusedadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːzd/

not yet used or soiled

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

VirginiannounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjən/

a native or resident of Virginia

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

Wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading 'Tis true, coarse diet, and a short repast, He said, were weak inducements to the taste Of one so nicely bred, and so unused to fast:— But what plain fare his cabin could afford, A hearty welcome at a homely board, Was freely his; and, to supply the rest, An honest meaning, and an open breast.”

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An orphan in early life, he was educated under the guidance of an uncle, and completed a course of studies at William and Mary college, at that time, and, I dare say at the present, the best institution within our country for the sons of Virginia.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Richard Rolfe was a high-toned and chivalrous Virginian, born and reared in Petersburg, a beautiful town lying within the county of Dinwiddie, and stretching along for a mile or more on the southern bank of the river Appomattox.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading “The western borders were with crimson spread, The sun descending looked all flaming red; He thought good manners bound him to invite The strange youth to be his guest that night.

Chapter 4 of Elkswatawa by James Strange French holds 260 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Elkswatawa contain?

Chapter 4 holds 260 sentences of Elkswatawa, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Elkswatawa by James Strange French exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 260 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Elkswatawa?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elkswatawa

Common questions about reading Elkswatawa by James Strange French on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elkswatawa?

Yes. All 4834 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #74401 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elkswatawa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #74401, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elkswatawa take to read?

About 402 minutes of reading across 967 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Elkswatawa section by section

How to work through Elkswatawa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Elkswatawa to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Elkswatawa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elkswatawa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Elkswatawa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elkswatawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prophet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elkswatawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frontier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elkswatawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Noble
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elkswatawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.