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Elkswatawa
Elkswatawa

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Elkswatawa is here in full — 247 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Elkswatawa
Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”
ROGERS.
Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.
This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.
As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elkswatawa

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Elkswatawa is here in full — 247 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”
Line 2
ROGERS.
/ˈrɑːdʒərz/
Line 3
Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.
/ˈnɪrli ə jɪr hæd ɪˈlæpst sɪns ðə kəˈmensmənt ʌv ˈaʊər ˈstɔːri ənd ðə naɪt wɑːz koʊld ənd ˈreɪni wen tuː frendz wɜːr rɪˈɡeɪlɪŋ ðemˈselvz wɪð paɪps baɪ ə ˈkʌmfərtəbəl ˈfaɪər ɪn ə smɔːl ˈbɪldɪŋ wɪtʃ stʊd əˈpɑːrt frʌm ðə fjuː ˈhaʊsəz æt ðæt taɪm ˈkɑːnstətuːtɪŋ ðə ˈvɪlədʒ ʌv ˈboʊlɪŋ ɡriːn/
Line 4
This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.
Line 5
As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.
/æz ðə frendz sæt ˈsmoʊkɪŋ ðə waɪnd ˈevər ənd ˌæˈnɔːn ˈwɪsəld æz ɪt ˈhɜːrid ˈfɪtfəli pæst ˈkɑːzɪŋ ðem tuː ʃrʌɡ ʌp ðer ˈʃoʊldərz ənd drɔː stɪl ˈnɪrər tuː ðə ˈfaɪər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bowling noun US /ˈboʊlɪŋ/

a game in which balls are rolled at an object or group of objects with the aim of knocking them over or moving them

From this reading “Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.”

constituting verb US /ˈkɑːnstətuːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “constitute” — form or compose

From this reading “Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.”

falters noun US /ˈfɔːltərz/

plural of “falter” — the act of pausing uncertainly

From this reading ““While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!””

fitfully adverb US /ˈfɪtfəli/

in a fitful manner

From this reading “As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.”

regaling verb US /rɪˈɡeɪlɪŋ/

-ing form of “regale” — provide with choice or abundant food or drink

From this reading “Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.”

superseded verb US /ˌsuːpərˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “supersede” — take the place or move into the position of

From this reading “This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.”

thrills noun US /θrɪlz/

plural of “thrill” — the swift release of a store of affective force

From this reading ““While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!””

tufts noun US /tʌfts/

plural of “tuft” — a bunch of hair or feathers or growing grass

From this reading ““While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

log cabins verb + noun counted as “log cabin”

a cabin built with logs

In this reading “This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.”

broken pane adjective + noun

In this reading ““While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!””

sat smoking noun + noun

In this reading “As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.”

since the commencement preposition + article + noun counted as “since … commencement”

In this reading “Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.”

superseded by verb + particle counted as “supersede by”

In this reading “This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.”

stood apart verb + particle

In this reading “Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.”

many instances adjective + noun counted as “many instance”

In this reading “This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.”

two friends noun + noun counted as “two friend”

In this reading “Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

anonadverbUS /ˌæˈnɔːn/

at another time

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

BowlingnounUS /ˈboʊlɪŋ/

a game in which balls are rolled at an object or group of objects with the aim of knocking them over or moving them

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

cabinsnounUS /ˈkæbənz/

plural of “cabin” — small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

causingnounUS /ˈkɑːzɪŋ/

the act of causing something to happen

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

commencementnounUS /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

constitutingverbUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “constitute” — form or compose

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

culturenounUS /ˈkʌltʃər/

a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

edifices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

elapsedadjectiveUS /ɪˈlæpst/

(of time) having passed or slipped by

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

exhibitedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbətəd/

past form of “exhibit” — show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

faithlessadjective

having the character of, or characteristic of, a traitor

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

faltersnounUS /ˈfɔːltərz/

plural of “falter” — the act of pausing uncertainly

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

fitfullyadverbUS /ˈfɪtfəli/

in a fitful manner

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

GreennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

instancesnounUS /ˈɪnstənsəz/

plural of “instance” — an occurrence of something

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

joysnounUS /dʒɔɪz/

plural of “joy” — the emotion of great happiness

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

logverbUS /lɔːɡ/

enter into a log, as on ships and planes

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

neareradverbUS /ˈnɪrər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

NearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

panenounUS /peɪn/

sheet glass cut in shapes for windows or doors

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

pipesnounUS /paɪps/

plural of “pipe” — a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

rainyadjectiveUS /ˈreɪni/

(of weather) wet by periods of rain

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

regalingverbUS /rɪˈɡeɪlɪŋ/

-ing form of “regale” — provide with choice or abundant food or drink

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

ROGERSnounUS /ˈrɑːdʒərz/

United States humorist remembered for his homespun commentary on politics and American society (1879-1935)

From this reading ROGERS.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

ShadesnounUS /ʃeɪdz/

(plural) something that reminds you of someone or something

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

shrugnounUS /ʃrʌɡ/

a gesture involving the shoulders

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

sighsnounUS /saɪz/

plural of “sigh” — an utterance made by exhaling audibly

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

smilesnounUS /smaɪlz/

plural of “smile” — a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

smokingnounUS /ˈsmoʊkɪŋ/

the act of smoking tobacco or other substances

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

supersededverbUS /ˌsuːpərˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “supersede” — take the place or move into the position of

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

tempestnounUS /ˈtempəst/

a violent commotion or disturbance

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

thrillsnounUS /θrɪlz/

plural of “thrill” — the swift release of a store of affective force

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

transportnounUS /trænˈspɔːrt/

something that serves as a means of transportation

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

tuftsnounUS /tʌfts/

plural of “tuft” — a bunch of hair or feathers or growing grass

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

walksnounUS /wɔːks/

plural of “walk” — the act of traveling by foot

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading This place was even then beginning to show marks of civilization, for log cabins had in many instances, been superseded by well built frame edifices, and taste and culture were now exhibited in many of their walks and gardens.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

whistledverbUS /ˈwɪsəld/

past form of “whistle” — make whistling sounds

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading As the friends sat smoking, the wind ever and anon whistled as it hurried fitfully past, causing them to shrug up their shoulders, and draw still nearer to the fire.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “While through the broken pane the tempest sighs, And his step falters on the faithless floor, Shades of departed joys around him rise, With many a face that smiles on him no more; With many a voice, that thrills of transport gave, Now silent as the grass that tufts their grave!”

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Nearly a year had elapsed since the commencement of our story, and the night was cold and rainy, when two friends were regaling themselves with pipes by a comfortable fire in a small building which stood apart from the few houses at that time constituting the village of Bowling Green.

Chapter 19 of Elkswatawa by James Strange French holds 247 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Elkswatawa contain?

Chapter 19 holds 247 sentences of Elkswatawa, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Elkswatawa by James Strange French exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 247 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Elkswatawa?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elkswatawa

Common questions about reading Elkswatawa by James Strange French on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elkswatawa?

Yes. All 4834 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #74401 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elkswatawa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #74401, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elkswatawa take to read?

About 402 minutes of reading across 967 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Elkswatawa section by section

How to work through Elkswatawa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Elkswatawa to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Elkswatawa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elkswatawa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Elkswatawa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elkswatawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prophet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elkswatawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frontier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elkswatawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Noble
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elkswatawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.